Amavalvu ebhabhathane avaliwe kahleZisetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlinzekweni kwamanzi kanye nokuthuthwa kwamanzi, i-HVAC, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, ukuvikelwa komlilo, kanye nezinhlelo zamapayipi ezimboni ngenxa yokusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kokuvala, ukulula kokusebenza, kanye nezindleko ezilinganiselwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kokuvala okuthembekile kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside kwesevisi yevalvu ngayinye, inqubo yokukhiqiza ihilela izinqubo zokukhiqiza nokuhlola eziqinile.
Isinyathelo 1: Ukuthengwa Nokulungiswa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezidingekayo ekukhiqizweni kwamavalvu ebhabhathane avaliwe kalula zithengwa ngokuhambisana nama-oda amakhasimende, imidwebo yokuklama, kanye nezindinganiso zobuchwepheshe.
Izinto ezibalulekile zifaka:
* Izinto zomzimba we-valve: Insimbi ye-ductile (GGG40, GGG50), i-WCB/LCB/LCC, insimbi engagqwali, njll.;
* Izinto zediski yevalvu: Insimbi ethambile, i-CF8, i-CF8M, insimbi engagqwali engu-2205, njll.;
* Izinto zesiqu se-valve: SS410, SS420, SS431, insimbi engagqwali engu-17-4PH, njll.;
* Izinto zesihlalo se-valve: Izinto zerabha noma ze-polymer ezifana ne-EPDM, i-NBR, i-PTFE, i-FKM, njll.;
* Izingxenye ezisizayo: Izikhonkwane, izikhonkwane, ama-bushing, njll.
Zonke izinto zokwakha kumele zihambisane nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke ezifanele kanye nezidingo zamakhasimende.
Isinyathelo 2: Ukuhlolwa Kwezinto Ezingavuthiwe
Lapho befika efektri, izinto zokusetshenziswa zihlolwa ngokuphelele ngumnyango wokulawula ikhwalithi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza. Izinto zokuhlola zifaka phakathi:
2.1 Ukuhlaziywa kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali;
* Ukuhlaziywa kwe-microscope ye-Metallurgical kwama-nodularity ku-ductile iron:
Izinga | Ukungaguquguquki
Ibanga 1 | ≥90%
Ibanga lesi-2 | 80–90%
Ibanga lesi-3 | 70–80%
Ibanga lesi-4 | 60–70%
Ibanga lesi-5 | <60%
* Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Spectrometer:
Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni
Okuqukethwe kwe-Chromium
Okuqukethwe kwe-nickel
Okuqukethwe kwe-Molybdenum
Okuqukethwe kwe-sulfur ne-phosphorus
Qinisekisa ukuthi izinga lezinto ezibonakalayo lihambisana nesitifiketi sezinto ezinikezwe ngumhlinzeki.
2.2 Ukuhlolwa kobukhulu;
Ubukhulu bokubumba/bokubumba obuqinile abudingi ukunemba okweqile, njengoba ukucutshungulwa okulandelayo komugqa wokuhlanganisa kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuqinile, kwezigaba eziningi. Ubukhulu kumele buqhathaniswe nemidwebo kanye nezibonelelo ezigciniwe (okungukuthi, ubukhulu akumele bube ngaphansi kwesibonelelo esincane somshini wokugaya).
* Umzimba we-valve:
Ububanzi/ukujiya kodonga olungaphandle lwe-Flange
Ubukhulu bobuso nobuso (ubude besakhiwo)
Ukuphakama komzimba we-valve
Ubukhulu be-flange ephezulu
Ububanzi bangaphakathi bokudlula kokugeleza
* Idiski yevalvu:
Ububanzi bangaphandle
Ubukhulu besikhungo/ubukhulu bomphetho
* Isiqu sevalvu:
Ububanzi
Ubude
* Isihlalo se-valve:
Ububanzi bangaphandle
Ububanzi bangaphakathi
2.3 Ukuhlola okubonakalayo;
Ukuhlola Okubalulekile: Hlola umzimba we-valve kanye nediski ukuze ubone imifantu, ama-porosity, ukufakwa kwe-slag, njll.; hlola isihlalo ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ama-indentations noma amaphutha ezinto (izinto ezingekho).
2.4 Ukubuyekezwa kwemibhalo yesitifiketi sezinto ezibonakalayo.
Izitifiketi zezinto ezibonakalayo zivame ukuhambisana nokuthunyelwa, zichaza ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izakhiwo zomzimba, kanye nezinombolo zokulandelela njengezinombolo zokushisa.
Isinyathelo 3: Ukwenziwa kwemishini kanye nokukhiqiza izingxenye
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphumelela ukuhlolwa ziya endaweni yokusebenzela yokulungisa i-CNC.
3.1 Umshini wokulungisa umzimba we-valve
Iumzimba we-valvekudinga izinqubo ezilandelayo:
* Ukulungisa ubuso nge-Flange;
* Ukuvala ubuso bomshini;
* Umshini wokugaya imbobo yomgodi;
* Umshini wokulungisa i-flange ephezulu;
* Ukubhoboza, ukuthepha, njll.
Amapharamitha okulawula okhiye:
Ukubumbana
Ukuthamba
Ukunemba kwesikhundla sembobo
Qinisekisa ukuthi ubukhulu bokufaka buhambisana nezindinganiso ezifana ne-ISO 5211, EN 593, kanye ne-API 609.
3.2 Umshini wokulungisa amadiski e-valve
* Umshini wokuvala umphetho (umjikelezo wangaphandle);
* Umshini wokuxhuma imbobo yesiqu.
Qinisekisa ukuthi kukhona ukuxhumana okusebenzayo kokuvala phakathi kwediski yevalvu nesihlalo sevalvu. 3.3 Umshini Wokubumba Isiqu Sevalvu
* Umshini wokulungisa i-Keyway;
* Qeda ukukhanda;
* Ukupholisha.
Lezi zinyathelo zenziwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokunemba kokuhlanganiswa.
3.4 Ukukhiqizwa Kwezihlalo Zamavalvu
Lesi yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yevalvu yebhabhathane ehlala phansi ethambile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhiqiza isihlalo esithambile esingashintshwa, isihlalo esiqinile, noma isihlalo esiqinile,
Isinyathelo sokuqala njalo ukuxuba irabha ngokwefomula ethile ukuze kudalwe inhlanganisela yerabha eyisisekelo.
Ngokuvamile, izinto eziyinhloko ezifana nerabha yemvelo kanye nomnyama wekhabhoni zengezwa ngezilinganiso ezithile, kanye nezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene.
Amafomula ahlukene anquma:
Ukumelana nokushisa
Ukumelana nokugqwala
Isethi yokucindezela
Isinyathelo sesibili sihilela ukucindezela i-compound ngomshini ibe amashidi enjoloba nokuhlola izakhiwo zezinto, kanye nokunquma izinga lokushisa elifanele lokubumba nesikhathi.
Esigabeni sokugcina, ngemva kokwelulwa kwemishini, izinto ziyadlula:
* Ukubumba kokucindezela—kwezihlalo ezithambile ezithathelwa indawo;
* Ukushintshashintsha kwezihlalo—kwezihlalo ezivundile;
* Ukubopha irabha nensimbi—kwezihlalo eziqinile;
Lokhu kuqinisekisa ubukhulu besihlalo obuqondile, ukunwebeka okufanayo, kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvala okuzinzile.
Isinyathelo 4: Ukulinganisa Ubukhulu Obuqondile
Ngemva kokwenza imisebenzi yokugaya elandelanayo,ubukhulu obuqondileingxenye kufanele ikalwe lapha.
* Umzimba weValve:
Ububanzi/ukujiya kodonga olungaphandle lwe-Flange
Ububanzi bembobo ye-Flange, i-PCD
Ubukhulu bobuso nobuso (ubude besakhiwo)
Ukuphakama komzimba we-valve
Ubukhulu be-flange ephezulu, ububanzi, ububanzi bembobo, i-PCD
Ububanzi bangaphakathi bokudlula kokugeleza
* Idiski yeValve:
Ububanzi bangaphandle
Ubukhulu besikhungo
Ubukhulu bomphetho
Ukuthamba
* Isiqu se-Valve:
Ububanzi
Ubude
Ubukhulu be-Keyway
Ukuqonda
* Isihlalo seValve:
Ububanzi bangaphandle
Ububanzi bangaphakathi
Isinyathelo 5: Ukwelashwa Komphezulu Nokumboza Okulwa Nokugqwala
Ngemva komshini wokugaya, izingxenye zensimbi ziyaphathwa phezulu.
Izinqubo ezivamile zifaka:
* Ukuqhumisa isihlabathi: Ukusebenzisa insimbi eshisiwe ngesivinini esikhulu ukususa isikali, ukugqwala, uwoyela, kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo;
* Ukukhahlela kanye nokudlulisa (izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali kuphela);
* Ukupholisha nge-electro (izingxenye zensimbi engagqwali kuphela).
Izindawo zomzimba wamavalvu zivame ukuqedwa nge-epoxy resin powder coating.
Ubukhulu bengubo ngokuvamile budlula ama-μm angu-250, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana nokugqwala komkhiqizo, impilo yesevisi, kanye nokukhanga kobuhle.
Izembozo ezikhethekile zokulwa nokugqwala zingasetshenziswa emanzini olwandle, ekucutshungulweni kwamakhemikhali, noma ezindaweni ezigqwala kakhulu. Isinyathelo 6: Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Butterfly Valve
Ngemva komshini wokugaya nokuhlola, zonke izingxenye zidluliselwa endaweni yokugcina yokusebenzela.
Isinyathelo 6: Ukuhlanganiswa kweValve Yebhabhathane
Iinqubo yokuhlanganisangokuyinhloko kuhlanganisa:
1. Ukufaka isihlalo sevalvu;
②. Ukufaka izikhonkwane zesiqu se-valve;
③. Ukufaka idiski yevalvu;
④. Ukulungisa ukugxilisa phakathi kwediski yevalvu;
⑤. Ukufaka iziqu zevalvu ephezulu nengezansi;
⑥. Ukufaka izikhonkwane noma izindlela zokuxhuma;
⑦. Ukufaka isibambo, ibhokisi legiya lezikelemu, i-actuator yomoya, noma i-actuator kagesi;
⑧. Ukulungisa imikhawulo yokuhamba yokuvula/yokuvala.
Ukulawulwa okuqinile kwe-coaxiality kanye ne-mating clearances kuyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuvalwa okuthembekile.
Isinyathelo 7: Ukuhlolwa Nokulawulwa Kwekhwalithi
Ukuhlolwa okuphakathi kwenziwa ngemva kokuhlanganiswa.
Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlola zifaka:
* Ikhwalithi yokubukeka kwe-valve: ukumboza, ilogo, njll.;
* Ubukhulu bomkhiqizo: ubukhulu bokuxhumeka kwe-flange, ubukhulu be-flange ephezulu;
* I-engeli yokuvula/yokuvala: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi idiski yevalvu isendaweni efanele yini lapho i-actuator ivuliwe noma ivaliwe ngokuphelele;
* I-torque esebenzayo: ukusebenzisa i-torque wrench ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-torque ingaphakathi kwebanga elamukelekayo;
* Isimo sokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye.
Abasebenzi abalawula ikhwalithi baqinisekisa into ngayinye ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezimfuneko zomklamo.
Isinyathelo 8: Ukuhlolwa Kokucindezela Nokusebenza
Njaloivalvu yebhabhathane yesihlalo esithambileihlolwa kanzima ngaphambi kokushiya ifektri, ngokuvamile ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso ze-API 598 noma ze-EN 12266.
8.1 Ukuhlolwa Kwamandla Egobolondo
Ukusebenzisa ingcindezi ethile—ngokuvamile ingcindezi yokusebenza ephindwe ka-1.5—engaphakathi komzimba we-valve ukuqinisekisa amandla omzimba kanye nobuqotho besakhiwo.
8.2 Ukuhlolwa Kokuvala
Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngengcindezi yokusebenza ephindwe ka-1.1 ukuze kuhlolwe ukuvuza lapho ivalvu isendaweni evaliwe.
Imidiya yokuhlola ivame ukufaka:
* Amanzi ahlanzekile;
* Umoya ocindezelwe;
* I-nitrogen (ngezidingo ezikhethekile).
Amavalvu ebhabhathane ahlala ethambile ngokuvamile ayadingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokungavuzi nhlobo.
Ukuhlolwa kokuphila komjikelezo kanye nokuhlolwa kokushisa okuphezulu/okuphansi nakho kungenziwa uma kudingeka.
Isinyathelo 9: Ukupakisha Nokuthumela
Ngemva kokudlula ukuhlolwa, umkhiqizo uyaqhubeka nokufakwa kokugcina.
Izinyathelo zangaphambi kokupakisha zifaka:
* Ukuhlanzwa komkhiqizo;
* Ukufakwa kwe-nameplate;
* Ukufakwa kwesitifiketi sokuhambisana;
* Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi okuhlola. Izindlela zokupakisha zikhethwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zokuhamba:
* Ukugoqa ngamabhamuza ukuze kuvikelwe uthuli kanye nokushayisana;
* Abahlukanisi bekhadibhodi;
* Amabhokisi e-plywood;
*Qaphela: Ukupakisha igwebu kungasetshenziswa futhi uma kudingeka.*
Ekugcineni, umnyango wokugcina impahla uhlela ukulayishwa nokuthunyelwa kwamakhonteyina ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ilethwa ngokuphephile endaweni yekhasimende.
Isifinyezo
Ukukhiqizwa kwamavalvu ebhabhathane athambile kuhilela okungaphezu kokuhlanganiswa kwezingxenye okulula; kuhlanganisa izigaba eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukulawula izinto, ukukhanda ngokunemba, ukubumba irabha, ukwelashwa kwendawo, ukuhlanganiswa nokuqaliswa kokusebenza, kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinile. Kuphela ngokuphathwa kokukhiqiza okuphelele kanye nezinhlelo zokulawula ikhwalithi lapho singaqinisekisa khona ukuthi yonke ivalvu yebhabhathane ethambile isebenza ngokuthembekile nangokuzinzile isikhathi eside kuzo zonke izinhlelo zamapayipi ezimboni ezahlukahlukene.