Ukuphonswa kwe-valve yomzimba kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokukhiqiza ama-valve, futhi ikhwalithi yokusakazwa kwe-valve inquma ikhwalithi ye-valve.Okulandelayo kwethula izindlela ezimbalwa zenqubo yokulingisa ezivame ukusetshenziswa embonini yama-valve:
Ukulingisa isihlabathi:
Ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi okuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini ye-valve kungahlukaniswa kube isihlabathi esiluhlaza, isihlabathi esomile, isihlabathi sengilazi yamanzi kanye nesihlabathi esiziqinisayo se-furan resin ngokusho kwezibophezelo ezahlukene.
(1) Isihlabathi esiluhlaza siyinqubo yokubumba esebenzisa i-bentonite njengesibopho.
Izici zayo yilezi:isikhunta sesihlabathi esiphelile asidingi ukomiswa noma ukuqina, isikhunta sesihlabathi sinamandla athile amanzi, futhi umgogodla wesihlabathi kanye negobolondo lesikhunta linesivuno esihle, okwenza kube lula ukuhlanza nokunyakazisa ama-castings.Ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kokubumba kuphezulu, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza mfushane, izindleko zempahla ziphansi, futhi kulula ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa komugqa womhlangano.
Ububi bayo yilezi:ama-castings athambekele ekubeni namaphutha afana nezimbotshana, ukufakwa kwesihlabathi, nokunamathela kwesihlabathi, futhi ikhwalithi yokulingisa, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi yangaphakathi, ayilungile.
Ithebula lengxenye kanye nokusebenza kwesihlabathi esiluhlaza sokusakazwa kwensimbi:
(2) Isihlabathi esomile siyinqubo yokubumba esebenzisa ubumba njengesibophelelo.Ukwengeza i-bentonite encane kungathuthukisa amandla ayo amanzi.
Izici zayo yilezi:isikhunta sesihlabathi sidinga ukomiswa, sinokungena kahle komoya, asithambekele ekubeni namaphutha njengokugezwa kwesihlabathi, ukunamathela kwesihlabathi, nezimbotshana, futhi izinga lemvelo lokubunjwa lihle.
Ububi bayo yilezi:idinga imishini yokomisa isihlabathi futhi umjikelezo wokukhiqiza mude.
(3) Isihlabathi sengilazi yamanzi siyinqubo yokumodela kusetshenziswa ingilazi yamanzi njengesibophezelo.Izici zayo yilezi: ingilazi yamanzi inomsebenzi wokuqina ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho ivezwe ku-CO2, futhi ingaba nezinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zendlela yokuqinisa igesi yokumodela nokwenza okuyisisekelo, kodwa Kukhona ukushiyeka okufana nokugoqa okungalungile kwegobolondo lesikhunta, ubunzima ekuhlanzeni isihlabathi ukubunjwa, kanye nezinga eliphansi lokuvuselelwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwesihlabathi esidala.
Ithebula lengxenye nokusebenza kwengilazi yamanzi engu-CO2 yesihlabathi esiqinisayo:
(4) I-Furan resin yokuziqinisa isihlabathi ukubumba kuyinqubo yokuphonsa kusetshenziswa i-furan resin njengesibophelelo.Isihlabathi esibumbayo siyaqina ngenxa yokusabela kwamakhemikhali kwesibophezelo ngaphansi kwesenzo se-ejenti yokwelapha ekamelweni lokushisa.Isici saso ukuthi isikhunta sesihlabathi asidingi ukomiswa, esinciphisa umjikelezo wokukhiqiza futhi silondoloze amandla.Isihlabathi sokubumba i-resin kulula ukusihlanganisa futhi sinezici ezinhle zokuhlakazeka.Isihlabathi sokubumba se-castings kulula ukusihlanza.Ukulingisa kunokunemba okuphezulu kobukhulu kanye nokuqedwa okuhle kwendawo, okungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yokulingisa.Ububi bayo yilezi: izidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu zesihlabathi esingavuthiwe, iphunga elincane elihlabayo endaweni yokukhiqiza, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zenhlaka.
Ingxenye kanye nenqubo yokuxuba ye-furan resin no-bake sand mix:
Inqubo yokuxuba isihlabathi se-furan resin esiziqinisayo: Kungcono ukusebenzisa umxube wesihlabathi oqhubekayo ukwenza isihlabathi esiziqinisayo se-resin.Isihlabathi esiluhlaza, i-resin, i-ejenti yokwelapha, njll. yengezwa ngokulandelana futhi ixutshwe ngokushesha.Ingaxutshwa futhi isetshenziswe noma nini.
Ukuhleleka kokwengeza izinto zokusetshenziswa ezahlukahlukene lapho kuhlanganiswa isihlabathi se-resin limi kanje:
Isihlabathi esiluhlaza + i-ejenti yokwelapha (i-p-toluenesulfonic acid aqueous solution) – (120 ~ 180S) – resin + silane – (60 ~ 90S) – ukukhiqizwa kwesihlabathi
(5) Inqubo evamile yokukhiqiza isihlabathi:
Ukusakaza okunembayo:
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abakhiqizi be-valve baye banaka kakhulu ikhwalithi yokubukeka nokunemba kokulinganisa kokusakazwa.Ngenxa yokuthi ukubukeka okuhle kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo semakethe, futhi kuwuphawu lokuma lwesinyathelo sokuqala somshini.
Ukusakaza okunembayo okuvame ukusetshenziswa embonini yama-valve ukutshala imali, okwethulwa kafushane kanjena:
(1) Izindlela ezimbili zenqubo yokusakaza isixazululo:
① Ukusebenzisa isikhunta esisekelwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi (i-stearic acid + upharafini), umjovo we-wax we-low-pressure, igobolondo lengilazi yamanzi, i-dewaxing yamanzi ashisayo, inqubo yokuncibilika komkhathi nokuthela, esetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi i-carbon steel kanye ne-low alloy steel castings enezidingo zekhwalithi evamile. , Ukunemba kwe-dimensional kokulingisa kungafinyelela ezingeni likazwelonke le-CT7~9.
② Ukusebenzisa isikhunta esisekelwe emazingeni okushisa aphakathi nendawo, umjovo we-wax ocindezelwe kakhulu, igobolondo lesikhunta se-silica sol, i-steam dewaxing, inqubo yokuncibilika komkhathi noma i-vacuum esheshayo, ukunemba kwe-dimensional kokusakazwa kungafinyelela ukunemba kokusakazwa kwe-CT4-6.
(2) Ukugeleza kwenqubo ejwayelekile yokutshala imali:
(3) Izici zokutshala izimali:
①Ukulingisa kunokunemba kobukhulu obuphezulu, indawo ebushelelezi kanye nekhwalithi enhle yokubukeka.
② Kungenzeka ukuphonsa izingxenye ezinezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi nezimo okunzima ukuzicubungula nezinye izinqubo.
③ Izinto zokusakaza azikhawulelwe, izinto ezihlukahlukene zengxubevange njenge: insimbi ye-carbon, insimbi engagqwali, insimbi yengxubevange, ingxubevange ye-aluminium, ingxubevange yokushisa okuphezulu, nezinsimbi eziyigugu, ikakhulukazi izinto zealloy okunzima ukuzenza, ukushisela nokusika.
④ Ukuvumelana nezimo kokukhiqiza okuhle nokuvumelana nezimo okuqinile.Ingakhiqizwa ngobuningi, futhi ifaneleka ucezu olulodwa noma ukukhiqizwa kwenqwaba encane.
⑤ Ukufakwa kwe-investimenti nakho kunemikhawulo ethile, njengokuthi: ukugeleza kwenqubo enzima kanye nomjikelezo omude wokukhiqiza.Ngenxa yamasu okuphonswa okulinganiselwe angasetshenziswa, amandla ayo okuthwala ukucindezela angeke abe phezulu kakhulu uma esetshenziselwa ukuphonsa ama-valve ama-valve amagobolondo amancane anengcindezi.
Ukuhlaziywa Kokukhubazeka Kokusakaza
Noma yikuphi ukulingisa kuzoba nokukhubazeka kwangaphakathi, ukuba khona kwalezi ziphambeko kuzoletha izingozi ezinkulu ezifihliwe kukhwalithi yangaphakathi yokubunjwa, futhi ukulungiswa kwe-welding ukuze kuqedwe lezi ziphambeko ohlelweni lokukhiqiza kuzoletha umthwalo omkhulu ohlelweni lokukhiqiza.Ikakhulukazi, ama-valve angamagobolondo amancane amelana nokucindezela kanye nezinga lokushisa, futhi ukubumbana kwezakhiwo zawo zangaphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, ukukhubazeka kwangaphakathi kokulingisa kuba yisici esinqumayo esithinta ikhwalithi yokulingisa.
Amaphutha angaphakathi okukhishwa kwama-valve ikakhulukazi ahlanganisa ama-pores, inclusions ye-slag, i-shrinkage porosity kanye nemifantu.
(1) Izimbotshana:Ama-pores akhiqizwa igesi, ingaphezulu lama-pores abushelelezi, futhi akhiqizwa ngaphakathi noma eduze kwendawo yokubunjwa, futhi izimo zawo ziyindilinga noma ziyi-oblong.
Imithombo eyinhloko yegesi ekhiqiza izimbotshana yile:
① I-nitrogen ne-hydrogen encibilike ensimbi kuqukethwe ensimbi ngesikhathi sokuqiniswa kokubunjwa, okwenza izindonga eziyisiyingi ezivaliwe noma eziyisiyingi zangaphakathi ezinokukhanya kwensimbi.
②Umswakama noma izinto eziguquguqukayo kuzinto ezibunjwayo zizophenduka igesi ngenxa yokushisisa, zenze izimbotshana ezinezindonga zangaphakathi ezinsundu ngokumnyama.
③ Ngesikhathi sokuthululwa kwensimbi, ngenxa yokugeleza okungazinzile, umoya uhilelekile ukwenza ama-pores.
Indlela yokuvimbela ukukhubazeka kwesisu:
① Ekuncibilikiseni, izinto zokusetshenziswa zensimbi ezigqwalile kufanele zisetshenziswe kancane ngangokunokwenzeka noma cha, futhi amathuluzi namaleyidi kufanele kubhakwe futhi komiswe.
②Ukuthululwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe kufanele kwenziwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu futhi kuthelwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi, futhi insimbi encibilikisiwe kufanele ithuliswe kahle ukuze kube lula ukuntanta kwegesi.
③ Idizayini yenqubo yesikhuphukeli esithelayo kufanele ikhuphule inhloko yokucindezela yensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuze igweme ukuvaleka kwegesi, futhi imise indlela yegesi yokwenziwa yokukhipha umoya okufanele.
④Izinto zokubumba kufanele zilawule okuqukethwe kwamanzi kanye nevolumu yegesi, zikhuphule ukungena komoya, futhi isikhunta sesihlabathi nomgogodla wesihlabathi kufanele kubhakwe futhi komiswe kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.
(2) Umgodi wokushwabana (ukuxega):Kuwumgodi oyindilinga ohlangene noma ongahlangene noma ongajwayelekile (imbobo) eyenzeka ngaphakathi kokulingisa (ikakhulukazi endaweni eshisayo), enobuso obungaphakathi obumaholoholo nombala omnyama.Izinhlamvu zekristalu emahhadla, ikakhulukazi ezisesimweni sama-dendrite, eziqoqwe endaweni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ezivame ukuvuza ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-hydraulic.
Isizathu sokuncipha komgodi (ukuxega):ukuncipha kwevolumu kwenzeka lapho insimbi iqina isuka oketshezini iye esimweni esiqinile.Uma kungekho ukugcwalisa insimbi encibilikisiwe okwanele ngalesi sikhathi, umgodi wokushwabana uzokwenzeka nakanjani.I-shrinkage cavity of castings yensimbi ngokuyisisekelo ibangelwa ukulawulwa okungalungile kwenqubo yokuqiniswa okulandelanayo.Izizathu zingase zihlanganise izilungiselelo ezingalungile zesikhuphukeli, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthululwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, nokuncipha kwensimbi enkulu.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukuncipha kwemigodi (ukuxega):① Dizayina ngokwesayensi isistimu yokuthela yokusakazwa ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqina okulandelanayo kwensimbi encibilikisiwe, futhi izingxenye eziqinisa kuqala kufanele zigcwaliswe ngensimbi encibilikisiwe.②Setha kahle futhi ngokunengqondo isikhuphukeli, uxhaso, insimbi ebandayo yangaphakathi nangaphandle ukuze uqinisekise ukuqiniswa okulandelanayo.③Lapho kuthelwa insimbi encibilikisiwe, umjovo ophezulu ophuma esikhuphukeni uyazuzisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinga lokushisa lensimbi encibilikisiwe nokondla, nokunciphisa ukwenzeka kwemigodi enciphayo.④ Mayelana nesivinini sokuthulula, ukuthulula ngesivinini esiphansi kulungele ukuqiniswa okulandelanayo kunokuthela ngesivinini esikhulu.⑸Izinga lokushisa lokuthela akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu.Insimbi encibilikisiwe ikhishwa esithandweni ngokushisa okuphezulu futhi ithululwe ngemva kokudambisa, okuzuzisa ukunciphisa imigodi yokushwabana.
(3) Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi (slag):Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi (slag), okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi amabhamuza, kuyizimbobo eziyindilinga ezingaqhubeki noma ezingajwayelekile ezivela ngaphakathi kokulingwa.Izimbobo zixubene nesihlabathi sokubumba noma i-slag yensimbi, enobukhulu obungajwayelekile futhi ihlanganiswe kuzo.Indawo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, ngokuvamile ngaphezulu engxenyeni engenhla.
Izimbangela zokufakwa kwesihlabathi (slag):Ukufakwa kwe-slag kubangelwa i-discrete steel slag engena ekubunjweni kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe ngesikhathi sokuncibilika noma ukuthulula.Ukufakwa kwesihlabathi kubangelwa ukuqina okunganele kwe-mold cavity ngesikhathi sokubunjwa.Lapho insimbi encibilikisiwe ithululelwa emgodini wesikhunta, isihlabathi esibunjwayo sigezwa yinsimbi encibilikisiwe futhi singene ngaphakathi kwendawo yokubunjwa.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza okungalungile ngesikhathi sokunqunywa nokuvalwa kwebhokisi, futhi okwenzeka kwesihlabathi esiwayo nakho kuyizizathu zokufakwa kwesihlabathi.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukufakwa kwesihlabathi (slag):① Uma insimbi encibilikisiwe incibilikiswa, i-exhaust ne-slag kufanele kuphele konke okusemandleni.② Zama ukungajiki isikhwama sensimbi encibilikisiwe, kodwa sebenzisa isikhwama setiye noma isikhwama sokuthela esingaphansi ukuze uvimbele i-slag engaphezu kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ukuthi ingangeni emgodini wokuphonsa kanye nensimbi encibilikisiwe.③ Lapho kuthululwa insimbi encibilikisiwe, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuvimbela i-slag ukuthi ingangeni emgodini wesikhunta ngensimbi encibilikisiwe.④Ukuze unciphise amathuba okufakwa kwesihlabathi, qinisekisa ukucinana kwesikhunta sesihlabathi lapho umodela, qaphela ukuthi ungalahlekelwa isihlabathi lapho uphungula, futhi uvuthulule imbobo yesikhunta ngaphambi kokuvala ibhokisi.
(4) Imifantu:Iningi lemifantu ekubunjweni yimifantu eshisayo, enezimo ezingajwayelekile, ingena noma ingangeni, iqhubekayo noma iphakathi, futhi insimbi emifantwini imnyama noma ine-oxidation engaphezulu.
izizathu zokuqhekeka, okungukuthi ukucindezeleka kokushisa okuphezulu kanye nokuguqulwa kwefilimu ye-liquid.
Ukucindezeleka kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ukucindezeleka okwakhiwa ukuncipha nokuguqulwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe emazingeni aphezulu okushisa.Lapho ukucindezeleka kudlula amandla noma umkhawulo we-plastic deformation wensimbi kulokhu kushisa, ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka.Ukuwohloka kwefilimu ewuketshezi ukwakheka kwefilimu ewuketshezi phakathi kwezinhlamvu zekristalu phakathi nenqubo yokuqinisa kanye nekristalu yensimbi encibilikisiwe.Ngokuqhubeka kokuqina kanye ne-crystallization, ifilimu ye-liquid ikhubazekile.Uma inani le-deformation kanye nesivinini sokuguqulwa sidlula umkhawulo othize, imifantu ikhiqizwa.Izinga lokushisa lokuqhekeka kwe-thermal lingaba ngu-1200 ~ 1450 ℃.
Izinto ezithinta imifantu:
① Ama-elementi e-S no-P kunsimbi yizici eziyingozi zokuqhekeka, futhi ama-eutectics awo ngensimbi anciphisa amandla nepulasitiki yensimbi esakazwayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okuholela ekuqhekekeni.
② Ukufakwa kwe-slag nokuhlukaniswa kwensimbi kukhulisa ukugxila kokucindezeleka, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.
③ Uma sikhulu i-coefficient ye-linear shrinkage yohlobo lwensimbi, kuyanda ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.
④ Uma kukhulu ukuguquguquka okushisayo kohlobo lwensimbi, kukhulu ukushuba kwendawo, kuba ngcono izici zomshini ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, kanye nokuba kuncane ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka okushisayo.
⑤ Idizayini yesakhiwo sokulingisa ibuthakathaka ekwenziweni, njengamakhona ayindilinga amancane kakhulu, umehluko omkhulu wokuqina wodonga, kanye nokugxilisana kokucindezeleka okukhulu, okuzodala imifantu.
⑥Ukubumbana kwesikhunta sesihlabathi kuphezulu kakhulu, futhi isivuno esingesihle somongo kuvimbela ukushwabana kokubunjwa futhi kwandisa ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka.
⑦Okunye, njengokuhleleka okungalungile kwesikhuphukeli, ukupholisa ngokushesha okukhulu kokusakaza, ukucindezeleka okweqile okubangelwa ukusika isikhuphukeli nokwelashwa kokushisa, njll. nakho kuzothinta ukukhiqizwa kwemifantu.
Ngokuya ngezimbangela kanye nezici ezithonya zokuqhekeka okungenhla, izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zingathathwa ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kugwenywe ukuvela kokukhubazeka kokuqhekeka.
Ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni okungenhla kwezimbangela zokulimala kokuphonsa, ukuthola izinkinga ezikhona kanye nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ezihambisanayo, singathola isisombululo sokuphonsa amaphutha, okuhambisana nokuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yokuphonsa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-31-2023