1. Yini i-valve uvemvane EN593?
Ivalve uvemvane i-EN593 isho ivalve uvemvane lwensimbi eklanywe futhi yakhiqizwa ngokuhambisana nezinga le-BS EN 593:2017, elinesihloko esithi “Amavavu Embonini - Amavaluvu Ovemvane Ajwayelekile Ensimbi.” Leli zinga lishicilelwe i-British Standards Institution (BSI) futhi lihambisana namazinga ase-Europe (EN), lihlinzeka ngohlaka olubanzi lokuklama, izinto zokwakha, ubukhulu, ukuhlolwa, nokusebenza kwamavalvu ovemvane.
Amavalvu ovemvane we-EN593 abonakala ngemizimba yawo yamavalvu ensimbi nezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuxhuma, njengohlobo lwe-wafer, uhlobo lwe-lug, noma oluphindwe kabili. Lawa ma-valve ovemvane angasebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ehlukene nezimo zokushisa. Leli zinga liqinisekisa ukuthi ama-valve ahlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zokuphepha, ukuqina, ukuhambisana, nokuthembeka.
2. Izici ezibalulekile ze-EN593 Butterfly Valves
* Ukusebenza kwekota: Amavalvu ovemvane asebenza ngokuzungezisa idiskhi yevalvu ngamadigri angama-90, avumela ukulawula ukugeleza okushesha nokusebenza kahle.
* Idizayini ehlangene: Uma kuqhathaniswa namavalvu esango, amavalvu ebhola, noma ama-globe valves, amavalvu ovemvane alula futhi asindisa isikhala, okuwenza alungele ukufakwa endaweni elinganiselwe.
* Izixhumanisi zokugcina ezihlukene: Kutholakala nge-wafer, i-lug, i-flange ephindwe kabili, i-flange eyodwa, noma imiklamo yohlobo lwe-U, ehambisana nezinhlelo zamapayipi ahlukahlukene.
* Ukumelana nokugqwala: Kwakhiwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala zekhwalithi ephezulu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuqina ezindaweni ezigqwalile.
* I-torque ephansi: Idizayinelwe ukunciphisa izidingo zetorque, ivumela ukuzenzela ngama-actuator amancane kanye nokwehlisa izindleko.
* Ukuvalwa kwe-Zero-Leakage: Amavalvu amaningi e-EN593 afaka izihlalo ezithambile ezinwebekayo noma izihlalo zensimbi, ezihlinzeka ngokuvala okuqinile kwebhamuza ukuze kusebenze okuthembekile.
3. BS EN 593:2017 Imininingwane Ejwayelekile
Kusukela ngo-2025, izinga le-BS EN 593 lamukela inguqulo ka-2017. I-EN 593 iyinkomba ebanzi yamavalvu ovemvane ensimbi, ecacisa izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuklama, izinto zokwakha, ubukhulu, nokuhlola. Okulandelayo isingeniso esinemininingwane yokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwezinga, okusekelwa idatha yemboni.
3.1. Ububanzi bezinga
I-TS EN 593:2017 isebenza kumavalvu ovemvane ensimbi ngezinjongo ezijwayelekile, okuhlanganisa ukuhlukanisa, ukulawula, noma ukulawula ukugeleza koketshezi. Ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-valve anokuxhumana kokuphela kwamapayipi, njenge:
* Uhlobo lwe-wafer: Iboshwe phakathi kwama-flange amabili, afaka isakhiwo esihlangene nedizayini engasindi.
* Uhlobo lwe-Lug: Ifaka izimbobo zokufaka ezinentambo, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa emaphethelweni amapayipi.
* Ama-flanged kabili: Ifaka ama-flange abalulekile, aboshwe ngokuqondile kuma-flange amapayipi.
* I-Single-flanged: Ifaka ama-flange abalulekile eduze kwe-eksisi emaphakathi yomzimba we-valve.
* Uhlobo lwe-U: Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-valve yohlobo lwe-wafer eneziphetho ezimbili ze-flange kanye nobukhulu obuhlangene bobuso nobuso.
3.2. Ingcindezi kanye nosayizi webanga
I-BS EN 593:2017 icacisa ingcindezi nobubanzi bosayizi wamavalvu ovemvane:
* Izilinganiso zokucindezela:
- PN 2.5, PN 6, PN 10, PN 16, PN 25, PN 40, PN 63, PN 100, PN 160 (izilinganiso zokucindezela zaseYurophu).
- Ikilasi 150, Ikilasi 300, Ikilasi 600, Ikilasi 900 (izilinganiso zokucindezela kwe-ASME).
* Ibanga losayizi:
- DN 20 kuya ku-DN 4000 (ubukhulu obujwayelekile, cishe amayintshi angu-3/4 kuya kwangu-160).
3.3. Izidingo Zokuklama Nokukhiqiza
Leli zinga licacisa indlela ethile yokuklama ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka nokusebenza kwe-valve:
* Impahla yomzimba yevalvu: Amavalvu kufanele enziwe ngezinto eziyinsimbi njenge-ductile iron, carbon steel (ASTM A216 WCB), insimbi engagqwali (ASTM A351 CF8/CF8M), noma i-aluminium bronze (C95800).
* Idizayini ye-valve disc: I-disc ye-valve ingaba yi-centralline noma i-eccentric (i-offset ukunciphisa ukuguga kwesihlalo ne-torque).
* Impahla yesihlalo sevalvu: Izihlalo zevalvu zingase zenziwe ngezinto ezinwebekayo (njengerabha noma i-PTFE) noma izinto zensimbi, kuye ngokusetshenziswa. Izihlalo ezinwebekayo zihlinzeka ngokuvaleka kweziro-okuvuza, kuyilapho izihlalo zensimbi kufanele futhi zimelane namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokugqwala ngaphezu kokuthola ukuvuza okunguziro.
* Ubukhulu bobuso nobuso: Kufanele buthobelane namazinga we-EN 558-1 noma ISO 5752 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhambisana namasistimu amapayipi.
* Ubukhulu be-Flange: Ihambisana namazinga afana ne-EN 1092-2 (PN10/PN16), ANSI B16.1, ASME B16.5, noma i-BS 10 Ithebula D/E, kuye ngohlobo lwevalvu.
* I-Actuator: Amavalvu angasebenza ngesandla (isibambo noma ibhokisi legiya) noma asebenze ngokuzenzakalelayo (i-pneumatic, kagesi, noma i-hydraulic actuator). I-flange ephezulu kufanele ihambisane namazinga e-ISO 5211 ukuze kunikwe amandla ukufakwa kwe-actuator okujwayelekile.
3.4. Ukuhlola Nokuhlola
Ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi nokusebenza, i-BS EN 593:2017 idinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile:
* Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi ye-Hydraulic: Iqinisekisa ukuthi i-valve ayivuzi ngengcindezi ethile.
* Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza: Iqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kanye ne-torque efanele ngaphansi kwezimo ezilingisayo.
* Ukuhlolwa kokuvuza: Qinisekisa ukuvaleka okuqinile kwebhamuza kwesihlalo sevalvu enwebekayo ngokuya ngamazinga we-EN 12266-1 noma i-API 598.
* Isitifiketi Sokuhlola: Umkhiqizi kufanele anikeze imibiko yokuhlola nokuhlola ukuze aqinisekise ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso.
3.5. Izicelo ze-EN593 Butterfly Valves
* Ukuhlanza Amanzi: Lawula futhi uhlukanise ukugeleza kwamanzi ahlanzekile ahlukahlukene, amanzi olwandle, noma amanzi angcolile. Izinto ezimelana nokugqwala kanye nezingubo zokumboza zizenza zifanelekele izindawo ezinokhahlo.
* Izimboni Zamakhemikhali Nezamakhemikhali: Ukuphatha uketshezi olubolayo njengama-asidi, ama-alkali, nezinyibilikisi, ezizuza ezintweni ezifana nezihlalo ze-PTFE namadiski wamavalvu anemigqa ye-PFA.
* Uwoyela Negesi: Ukuphatha uketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kumapayipi, izindawo zokuhluza, nezinkundla zasolwandle. I-double-offset design ithandwa ngenxa yokuqina kwayo ngaphansi kwalezi zimo.
* Amasistimu we-HVAC: Ukulawula ukuhamba komoya, amanzi, noma isiqandisi kumasistimu wokushisisa nawokupholisa.
* Ukukhiqiza amandla: Ukulawula isitimu, amanzi okupholisa, noma olunye uketshezi ezitshalweni zikagesi.
* Izimboni zokudla nemithi: Ukusebenzisa izinto ezithobela i-FDA (ezifana ne-PTFE ne-WRA-certified EPDM) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungangcolisi futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka.
3.6. Ukunakekela kanye Nokuhlola
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside, amavalvu ovemvane we-EN593 adinga ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile:
* Imvamisa yokuhlola: Hlola njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni owodwa ukuze uthole ukuguga, ukugqwala, noma izinkinga zokusebenza.
* Ukugcotshwa: Yehlisa ukungqubuzana futhi welule ubude besikhathi se-valve.
* Isihlalo Sevalvu Nokuhlolwa Kophawu: Qinisekisa ubuqotho bezihlalo zamavalvu ezinwebekayo noma zensimbi ukuze uvimbele ukuvuza.
* Ukugcinwa Kwesisetshenziswa: Qinisekisa ukuthi ama-actuator asebenza emoyeni noma kagesi awanayo imfucumfucu futhi asebenza ngendlela evamile.
4. Ukuqhathanisa namanye Amazinga API 609
Ngenkathi i-BS EN 593 isebenza ekusetshenzisweni okujwayelekile kwezimboni, ihlukile kuzinga le-API 609, elakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela negesi. Umehluko obalulekile uhlanganisa:
* Okugxilwe kuhlelo lokusebenza: I-API 609 igxile endaweni kawoyela negesi, kuyilapho i-BS EN 593 ihlanganisa uhla olubanzi lwezimboni, okuhlanganisa ukuhlanza amanzi nokukhiqiza okuvamile.
* Izilinganiso zokucindezela: I-API 609 ngokuvamile ihlanganisa Ikilasi 150 ukuya ku-Class 2500, kuyilapho i-BS EN 593 ihlanganisa i-PN 2.5 ukuya ku-PN 160 kanye ne-Class 150 kuya ku-Class 900.
* Idizayini: I-API 609 igcizelela izinto ezimelana nokugqwala ukuze zimelane nezimo ezinzima, kuyilapho i-BS EN 593 ivumela ukukhethwa kwezinto ezivumelana nezimo.
* Ukuhlola: Womabili la mazinga adinga ukuhlolwa okuqinile, kodwa i-API 609 ihlanganisa izidingo ezengeziwe zomklamo ongashi, obalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kukawoyela negesi.
5. Isiphetho
| Isici | Izici Ezibalulekile Zichazwe yi-EN 593 |
| Uhlobo Lwevalvu | Ama-valve evemvane ensimbi |
| Ukusebenza | Imanuwali, igiya, i-pneumatic, kagesi |
| Ubukhulu bobuso nobuso | Ngokuka-EN 558 Series 20 (wafer/lug) noma uchungechunge 13/14 (olune-flang) |
| Isilinganiso Sokucindezela | Ngokuvamile i-PN 6, PN 10, PN 16 (ingahluka) |
| Izinga Lokushisa Lokuklama | Kuncike ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo |
| Ukuhambisana kwe-Flange | I-EN 1092-1 (PN flanges), ISO 7005 |
| Amazinga Wokuhlola | I-EN 12266-1 yokuhlolwa kwengcindezi nokuvuza |
Izinga le-BS EN 593:2017 lihlinzeka ngohlaka oluqinile lokuklama, ukukhiqizwa, nokuhlolwa kwamavalvu ovemvane ensimbi, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwawo, ukuphepha, kanye nokusebenza kwawo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinhlelo zokusebenza. Ngokuthobelana nezimfuneko zendinganiso zokulinganisa ingcindezi, ububanzi bosayizi, izinto zokwakha, nokuhlola, abakhiqizi bangakhiqiza amavalvu ahlangabezana nezilinganiso zekhwalithi yomhlaba wonke.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udinga uhlobo lwe-wafer, uhlobo lwe-lug, noma ama-butterfly anama-flanged kabili, ukuthobela izinga le-EN 593 kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganisa okungenazihibe, ukuqina, kanye nokulawula uketshezi olusebenzayo.