1. Iyini ivalvu yebhabhathane elinomoya?
A ivalvu yebhabhathane elinomoyaiyivalvu yokujika ngekota esetshenziselwa ukulawula noma ukuhlukanisa ukugeleza koketshezi epayipini. Yakhiwe idiski eyindilinga (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "idiski") efakwe esiqwini, ejikeleza ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu. Igama elithi "Pneumatic" libhekisela endleleni yokusebenza, esebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe ukusebenzisa ivalvu, okuvumela ukulawula okukude noma okuzenzakalelayo.
Ivalvu yebhabhathane ephefumula umoya ingahlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili ezibalulekile: i-actuator yebhabhathane kanye nevalvu yebhabhathane.
· Umzimba wevalvu yebhabhathane: Uqukethe umzimba wevalvu, idiski (idiski), isiqu, kanye nesihlalo. Idiski ijikeleza isiqu ukuze ivule futhi ivale ivalvu.
· I-actuator yomoya: Isebenzisa umoya ocindezelwe njengomthombo wamandla, iqhuba i-piston noma i-vane ukuze ikhiqize ukunyakaza okuqondile noma okujikelezayo.
Izingxenye Eziyinhloko
*Ivalvu Yebhabhathane:
- Umzimba we-Valve: Indlu egcina idiski futhi exhuma epayipini.
- Idiski (idiski): Ipuleti eliyisicaba noma eliphakanyisiwe kancane elilawula ukugeleza. Uma libanjwe lihambisana nesiqondiso sokugeleza, ivalvu iyavuleka; uma libanjwe liqondile, liyavaleka.
- Isiqu: Induku exhunywe kwidiski edlulisa amandla okujikeleza evela ku-actuator.
- Izivalo nezihlalo: Qinisekisa ukuthi zivaliwe kahle futhi uvimbele ukuvuza.
*I-Actuator
- I-actuator yomoya: Ngokuvamile uhlobo lwe-piston noma lwe-diaphragm, iguqula ingcindezi yomoya ibe ukunyakaza komshini. Ingaba ukusebenza kabili (ingcindezi yomoya kokubili ekuvuleni nasekuvaleni) noma ukusebenza kanye (umoya ohlangothini olulodwa, intwasahlobo yokubuyela).
2. Isimiso Sokusebenza
Ukusebenza kwevalvu yebhabhathane elinomoya empeleni kuyinqubo eboshwe ngeketanga "yokusebenza komoya ocindezelwe".→ukusebenza kwe-actuator→ukuzungeza idiski ukulawula ukugeleza." Kalula nje, amandla omoya (umoya ocindezelwe) aguqulwa abe ukunyakaza okujikelezayo komshini ukuze kubekwe idiski.
2.1. Inqubo Yokusebenza:
- Umoya ocindezelwe ovela emthonjeni wangaphandle (njenge-compressor noma uhlelo lokulawula) unikezwa ku-actuator yomoya.
- Ku-actuator esebenza kabili, umoya ungena kwelinye ichweba ukuze ujikeleze isiqu se-valve ngokwewashi (okungukuthi, ukuvula i-valve), bese ungena kwelinye ichweba ukuze ulijikeleze ngokwewashi. Lokhu kudala ukunyakaza okuqondile ku-piston noma i-diaphragm, okuguqulwa kube ukujikeleza kwama-degree angu-90 nge-rack-and-pinion noma i-Scotch-yoke mechanism.
- Ku-actuator esebenza kanye, umfutho womoya usunduza i-piston entwasahlobo ukuze ivule i-valve, futhi ukukhulula umoya kuvumela intwasahlobo ukuthi iyivale ngokuzenzakalelayo (umklamo ophephile).
2.2. Ukusebenza kweValvu:
- Njengoba i-actuator ijikeleza isiqu se-valve, i-disc ijikeleza ngaphakathi komzimba we-valve.
- Indawo Evulekile: Idiski ihambisana nendlela yokugeleza, inciphisa ukumelana futhi ivumela ukugeleza okugcwele ngepayipi. - Indawo evaliwe: Idiski ijikeleza ama-degree angu-90, iqonde ngqo ekugelezeni, ivimba indlela futhi ivale isihlalo.
- Indawo ephakathi nendawo ingageleza nge-throttle, yize ama-valve e-butterfly efaneleka kakhulu kwisevisi yokuvula i-off kunemithetho eqondile ngenxa yezici zawo zokugeleza ezingezona eziqondile.
2.3. Ukulawula kanye Nempendulo:
- I-actuator ivame ukubhangqwa ne-solenoid valve noma i-positioner ukuze kulawulwe ngokunembile ngamasignali kagesi.
- Inzwa inganikeza impendulo yesikhundla se-valve ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ezinhlelweni ezizenzakalelayo.
3. Ukulingisa Kodwa Nokulingisa Okubili
3.1 I-Actuator Esebenza Kabili (Akukho Ukubuyiselwa Kwentwasahlobo)
I-actuator inezindawo ezimbili eziphikisanayo ze-piston. Umoya ocindezelwe ulawulwa yi-solenoid valve, eshintshana phakathi kwezindawo "zokuvula" kanye "nezokuvala":
Uma umoya ocindezelwe ungena ekamelweni "lokuvula", ucindezela i-piston, okwenza isiqu se-valve sijikeleze ngokwewashi (noma ngokuphambene newashi, kuye ngomklamo), okujikajika idiski ukuze kuvulwe ipayipi.
Uma umoya ocindezelwe ungena ekamelweni "lokuvala", usunduza i-piston ngakolunye uhlangothi, okwenza isiqu se-valve sijikeleze idiski ngendlela ephambene newashi, sivale ipayipi. Izici: Uma umoya ocindezelwe ulahleka, idiski ihlala isesimweni sayo samanje ("iphephile").
3.2 I-Actuator Esebenza Ngodwa (ene-Spring Return)
I-actuator inegumbi elilodwa lokungena komoya, elinesiphethu sokubuya ngakolunye uhlangothi:
Uma umoya ugeleza: Umoya ocindezelwe ungena ekamelweni lokungena, unqoba amandla esiphethu ukuze ucindezele i-piston, okwenza idiski ijikeleze iye endaweni "evulekile" noma "evaliwe";
Uma umoya ulahlekile: Amandla esiphethu ayakhishwa, kusunduzwe i-piston emuva, okwenza idiski ibuyele "esikhundleni sokuphepha" esisethiwe (ngokuvamile "ivaliwe", kodwa futhi ingaklanywa ukuthi "ivuleke").
Izici: Inomsebenzi "ongaphumeleli" futhi ifanele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga izinyathelo zokuphepha, njengalezo ezihilela izinto ezivuthayo, eziqhumayo, nezinobuthi.
4. Izinzuzo
Amavalvu ebhabhathane omoyazilungele ukusebenza ngokushesha, ngokuvamile zidinga ukujika kwekota kuphela, okwenza zifaneleke ezimbonini ezifana nokwelashwa kwamanzi, i-HVAC, kanye nokucubungula amakhemikhali.
- Isikhathi sokuphendula esisheshayo ngenxa yokusebenza komoya.
- Izindleko eziphansi kanye nokugcinwa okulula uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zikagesi noma ze-hydraulic.
- Idizayini encane futhi elula.