Iyini i-Water Hammer?
Isando samanzi yilapho kuba khona ukuhluleka kwamandla okungazelelwe noma lapho i-valve ivaliwe ngokushesha kakhulu, ngenxa ye-inertia yokugeleza kwamanzi okucindezela, igagasi lokushaqeka lokugeleza kwamanzi liyakhiqizwa, njengokushaywa kwesando, ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi isando samanzi. .Amandla akhiqizwa amaza ashaqisayo okugeleza kwamanzi nangemuva, ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu kakhulu, angalimaza ama-valve namaphampu.
Lapho i-valve evulekile ivaliwe ngokuzumayo, amanzi ageleza ngokumelene ne-valve nodonga lwamapayipi, okwenza ukucindezela.Ngenxa yodonga olubushelelezi lwepayipi, ukugeleza kwamanzi okulandelayo kufinyelela ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphansi kwesenzo se-inertia futhi kuveza umonakalo.Lona "umphumela wesando samanzi" kumishini yoketshezi, okungukuthi, isando samanzi esihle.Lesi sici kufanele sibhekwe ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngemva kokuba i-valve evaliwe ivuliwe ngokuzumayo, izophinde ikhiqize isando samanzi, esibizwa ngokuthi isando samanzi esibi.Futhi inamandla athile okucekela phansi, kodwa ayinkulu njengeyangaphambili.Lapho iyunithi yepompo yamanzi kagesi ilahlekelwa amandla ngokuzumayo noma iqala, izophinda ibangele ukushaqeka kwengcindezi kanye nomphumela wesando samanzi.Ukushaqeka kwegagasi lalokhu kucindezela kubhebhetheka eduze kwepayipi, okungase kuholele kalula ekucindezelweni ngokweqile kwendawo kwepayipi, okuholela ekuqhumeni kwepayipi nokulimala kwemishini.Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa komphumela wesando samanzi sekube obunye bobuchwepheshe obubalulekile kubunjiniyela bokuhlinzeka ngamanzi.
Izimo zesando samanzi
1. Ivalvu iyavuleka noma ivaleke kungazelelwe;
2. Iyunithi yepompo yamanzi ngokuzumayo iyama noma iqale;
3. Ukulethwa kwamanzi ngepayipi elilodwa ezindaweni eziphakeme (umehluko wobude bendawo yokuphakelwa kwamanzi udlula amamitha angama-20);
4. Ikhanda eliphelele (noma ingcindezi yokusebenza) yepompo inkulu;
5. Isivinini samanzi epayipini lamanzi sikhulu kakhulu;
6. Ipayipi lamanzi lide kakhulu futhi isimo sezwe siyashintsha kakhulu.
Izingozi zesando samanzi
Ukwenyuka kwengcindezi okubangelwa isando samanzi kungafinyelela izikhathi eziningana noma ngisho namashumi ezikhathi zokucindezela okuvamile kwepayipi.Ukushintshashintsha okunjalo kwengcindezi enkulu kubangela ukulimala ohlelweni lwamapayipi ikakhulukazi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. Banga ukundindizela okunamandla kwepayipi kanye nokunqanyulwa kokuhlangana kwepayipi;
2. I-valve yonakalisiwe, futhi ukucindezela okukhulu kuphezulu kakhulu ukuze kubangele ukuqhuma kwepayipi, futhi ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yokuhlinzeka ngamanzi iyancipha;
3. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ipayipi izowa, futhi i-valve nezingxenye zokulungisa zizolimala;
4. Ukubangela ukuthi iphampu yamanzi ihlehle, ilimaze izinto zokusebenza noma amapayipi egumbini lokumpompa, ibangele ukuthi igumbi lokumpompa licwiliswe emanzini, kubangele ukulimala komuntu siqu nezinye izingozi ezinkulu, futhi kuthinte ukukhiqizwa nokuphila.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zokuqeda noma ukunciphisa isando samanzi
Kunezinyathelo eziningi zokuzivikela ngokumelene nesando samanzi, kodwa izinyathelo ezihlukene kufanele zithathwe ngokuya ngezimbangela ezingenzeka zesando samanzi.
1. Ukunciphisa izinga lokugeleza kwepayipi lamanzi kunganciphisa umfutho wesando samanzi ngokwezinga elithile, kodwa kuzokwandisa ububanzi bepayipi lamanzi futhi kwandise ukutshalwa kwezimali kwephrojekthi.Lapho ubeka amapayipi amanzi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukugwema ama-humps noma izinguquko ezinkulu emthambekeni.Ubukhulu besando samanzi lapho ipompo imiswa ngokuyinhloko ihlobene nekhanda lejometri legumbi lepompo.Ukuphakama kwekhanda lejometri, sikhulu isando samanzi lapho iphampu imiswa.Ngakho-ke, ikhanda lepompo elinengqondo kufanele likhethwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zangempela zendawo.Ngemva kokumisa iphampu engozini, linda kuze kube yilapho ipayipi elingemuva kwevalvu yokuhlola ligcwaliswa amanzi ngaphambi kokuqala iphampu.Ungavuli ngokugcwele i-valve yokuphuma yepompo yamanzi lapho uqala iphampu, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu wamanzi.Iningi lezingozi ezinkulu zesando samanzi eziteshini zokumpompa amanzi zenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.
2. Setha idivayisi yokuqeda isando samanzi
(1) Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ukucindezela okungaguquki:
Njengoba ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi ishintsha ngokuqhubekayo ngokushintsha kwezimo zokusebenza, ukucindezela okuphansi noma ukucindezela ngokweqile kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, ejwayele isando samanzi, okuholela ekulimaleni kwamapayipi nemishini.Uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo lwamukelwa ukulawula ukucindezela kwenethiwekhi yepayipi.Ukutholwa, ukulawulwa kwempendulo yesiqalo, ukulungiswa kokumisa kanye nesivinini sephampu yamanzi, lawula ukugeleza, bese kugcina ukucindezela kusezingeni elithile.Ingcindezi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi yepompo ingasethwa ngokulawula i-microcomputer ukuze igcine ukunikezwa kwamanzi okucindezelwa njalo futhi igweme ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngokweqile.Ithuba lesando lincishisiwe.
(2) Faka isinqamuli sesando samanzi
Lo mshini uvimbela ikakhulukazi isando samanzi lapho iphampu imiswa.Ivamise ukufakwa eduze kwepayipi lokuphuma lepompo lamanzi.Isebenzisa ukucindezela kwepayipi ngokwayo njengamandla okubona isenzo esizenzakalelayo sokucindezela okuphansi, okungukuthi, lapho ingcindezi embhobho ingaphansi kwenani lokuvikela elibekiwe, i-drain izovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ikhiphe amanzi.Ukunciphisa ingcindezi ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi yamapayipi endawo kanye nokuvimbela umthelela wesando samanzi ezintweni zokusebenza namapayipi.Ngokuvamile, ama-eliminators angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: imishini kanye ne-hydraulic.setha kabusha.
3) Faka i-valve yokuhlola evala kancane epayipini lokuphuma lephampu yamanzi enezinga elikhulu
Ingakwazi ukuqeda ngokuphumelelayo isando samanzi lapho iphampu imisiwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kukhona inani elithile lokugeleza kwamanzi lapho i-valve icushiwe, umthombo wokudonsa kufanele ube nepayipi elichichimayo.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu okuhlola avala kancane: uhlobo lwesando kanye nohlobo lokugcina amandla.Lolu hlobo lwe-valve lungalungisa isikhathi sokuvala se-valve phakathi kobubanzi obuthile ngokwezidingo.Ngokuvamile, u-70% kuya ku-80% wevalvu uvalwa phakathi kwe-3 kuya ku-7 s ngemva kokuphelelwa amandla, futhi isikhathi sokuvala samaphesenti angama-20 kuya kwangu-30 asele silungiswa ngokuvumelana nezimo zepompo yamanzi kanye nepayipi, ngokuvamile. ebangeni le-10 kuya ku-30 s.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi i-valve yokuhlola evala kancane iyasebenza kakhulu uma kune-hump epayipini lokuvala isando samanzi.
(4) Misa umbhoshongo ohamba ngendlela eyodwa
Yakhiwe eduze kwesiteshi sokumpompa noma endaweni efanele yepayipi, futhi ukuphakama kombhoshongo wokuhlinza wendlela eyodwa kuphansi kunokucindezela kwepayipi lapho.Lapho ingcindezi epayipini iphansi kunezinga lamanzi embhoshongweni, umbhoshongo okhuphukayo uzohlinzeka ngamanzi epayipini ukuvimbela ikholomu yamanzi ukuthi ingaphulwa futhi igweme isando samanzi.Kodwa-ke, umphumela wawo ocindezelayo kwisando samanzi ngaphandle kwesando samanzi sokumisa ipompo, njengesando samanzi sokuvala i-valve, unomkhawulo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwe-valve yendlela eyodwa esetshenziswe embhoshongweni wokuhlinza wendlela eyodwa kumele kube okuthembekile ngokuphelele.Uma i-valve ihluleka, ingase iholele ezingozini ezinkulu.
(5) Misa ipayipi lokudlula (ivalvu) esiteshini sokumpompa
Lapho uhlelo lwepompo lusebenza ngokujwayelekile, i-valve yokuhlola ivaliwe ngoba ukucindezela kwamanzi ohlangothini lwamanzi okucindezela kwepompo kuphakeme kunokucindezela kwamanzi ohlangothini lokudonsa.Lapho ukwehluleka kwamandla kumisa ngokuzumayo iphampu, ukucindezela endaweni yokuphuma kwesiteshi sokumpompa kwehla kakhulu, kuyilapho ukucindezela ohlangothini lokumunca kukhuphuka kakhulu.Ngaphansi kwalo mfutho ohlukile, amanzi adlulayo anengcindezi ephezulu epayipini eliyinhloko lokumunca amanzi angamanzi esikhashana anomfutho ophansi aphusha ipuleti levalvu yokuhlola bese egelezela epayipini elikhulu lamanzi okucindezelayo, futhi andise umfutho wamanzi ophansi lapho;ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphampu yamanzi I-boost yesando samanzi ohlangothini lokumunca nayo iyancipha.Ngale ndlela, ukukhuphuka nokuwa kwesando samanzi ezinhlangothini zombili zesiteshi sokumpompa kuyalawulwa, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ngempumelelo futhi kuvimbele izingozi zesando samanzi.
(6) Setha i-valve yokuhlola enezigaba eziningi
Epayipini lamanzi elide, engeza ivalvu yokuhlola eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, uhlukanise ipayipi lamanzi libe izingxenye eziningana, bese usetha ivalvu yokuhlola engxenyeni ngayinye.Lapho amanzi epayipini lamanzi ebuyela emuva phakathi nenqubo yesando samanzi, ama-valve okuhlola avaliwe ngokulandelana ukuze ahlukanise ukugeleza kwe-backflush zibe izingxenye eziningana.Njengoba ikhanda le-hydrostatic esigabeni ngasinye sepayipi lamanzi (noma isigaba sokugeleza kwe-backflush) lincane kakhulu, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyancishiswa.I-Hammer Boost.Lesi silinganiso sokuzivikela singasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo ezimweni lapho umehluko wokuphakama kwamanzi wejometri mkhulu;kodwa ayikwazi ukuqeda ithuba lokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi.Ukungalungi kwayo okukhulu: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwepompo yamanzi kuyanda ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile, futhi izindleko zokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi ziyanda.
(7) Imishini yokukhipha umoya esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo ifakwa endaweni ephakeme yepayipi ukunciphisa umthelela wesando samanzi epayipini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-23-2022