Kuyini i-Water Hammer futhi Ungakulungisa Kanjani?

Kuyini i-Water Hammer?

I-Water hammer yilapho kuba nokwehluleka kwamandla okungazelelwe noma lapho i-valve ivaliwe ngokushesha kakhulu, ngenxa yokungabi namandla kokugeleza kwamanzi okucindezelayo, kukhiqizwa igagasi lokushaqeka kokugeleza kwamanzi, njengokushaqeka kwesando, ngakho-ke kubizwa ngokuthi i-water hammer. Amandla akhiqizwa amagagasi okushaqeka abuyela emuva naphambili okugeleza kwamanzi, ngezinye izikhathi amakhulu kakhulu, angalimaza ama-valve namaphampu.

Uma ivalvu evulekile ivalwa ngokuzumayo, amanzi ageleza evalvu kanye nodonga lwepayipi, okudala ingcindezi. Ngenxa yodonga olubushelelezi lwepayipi, ukugeleza kwamanzi okulandelayo kufinyelela ngokushesha ezingeni eliphezulu ngaphansi kwesenzo se-inertia futhi kudala umonakalo. Lona "umphumela wesando samanzi" ku-fluid mechanics, okungukuthi, isando samanzi esihle. Lesi sici kufanele sicatshangelwe ekwakhiweni kwamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngemva kokuba ivalvu evaliwe ivuliwe ngokuzumayo, izokhiqiza nesando samanzi, esibizwa ngokuthi isando samanzi esingesihle. Inamandla athile okubhubhisa, kodwa ayinkulu njengeyokuqala. Lapho iyunithi yephampu yamanzi kagesi ilahlekelwa amandla noma iqala ngokuzumayo, izobangela nokushaqeka kokucindezela kanye nomphumela wesando samanzi. Igagasi lokushaqeka kwalokhu kucindezela lisakazeka eduze kwephayiphi, okungaholela kalula ekucindezelweni ngokweqile kwendawo kwephayiphi, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwephayiphi kanye nomonakalo emishinini. Ngakho-ke, ukuvikelwa komphumela wesando samanzi sekungomunye wobuchwepheshe obubalulekile ebunjiniyelani bokuphakelwa kwamanzi.
Izimo zesando samanzi

1. Ivalvu ivuleka noma ivale ngokuzumayo;

2. Iyunithi yephampu yamanzi iyama noma iqala ngokuzumayo;

3. Ukulethwa kwamanzi ngepayipi elilodwa ezindaweni eziphakeme (umehluko wokuphakama kwendawo yokuphakelwa kwamanzi udlula amamitha angu-20);

4. Inhloko iyonke (noma ingcindezi yokusebenza) yepompo inkulu;

5. Ijubane lamanzi epayipini lamanzi likhulu kakhulu;

6. Ipayipi lamanzi lide kakhulu futhi indawo ishintsha kakhulu.

Izingozi zesando samanzi

Ukwanda kwengcindezi okubangelwa yi-water hammer kungafinyelela izikhathi eziningana noma ngisho neziningi zengcindezi yokusebenza evamile yepayipi. Ukuguquguquka okukhulu kwengcindezi kubangela umonakalo ohlelweni lwepayipi ikakhulukazi kanje:

1. Kubangela ukudlidliza okunamandla kwepayipi kanye nokunqamuka kwejoyinti yepayipi;

2. Ivalvu yonakele, futhi ingcindezi enkulu iphezulu kakhulu ukubangela ukuqhuma kwepayipi, futhi ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yokuphakelwa kwamanzi iyancipha;

3. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, ipayipi lizowa, futhi ivalvu nezingxenye zokulungisa zizolimala;

4. Kubangela ukuthi iphampu yamanzi ibuyele emuva, kulimaze imishini noma amapayipi egumbini lokupompa, kubangele kakhulu ukuthi igumbi lokupompa licwiliswe emanzini, kubangele ukulimala kwabantu kanye nezinye izingozi ezinkulu, futhi kuthinte umkhiqizo kanye nokuphila.

Izindlela zokuvikela zokususa noma zokunciphisa i-water hammer

Kunezindlela eziningi zokuzivikela ngokumelene nesando samanzi, kodwa izinyathelo ezahlukene zidinga ukuthathwa ngokuya ngezimbangela ezingaba khona zesando samanzi.

1. Ukunciphisa izinga lokugeleza kwepayipi lamanzi kunganciphisa ukucindezela kwesando samanzi ngezinga elithile, kodwa kuzokwandisa ububanzi bepayipi lamanzi futhi kwandise utshalomali lwephrojekthi. Lapho kubekwa amapayipi amanzi, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukugwema ama-hump noma izinguquko ezinkulu emthambekeni. Usayizi wesando samanzi lapho ipompo imiswa uhlobene kakhulu nekhanda lejometri legumbi lepompo. Uma ikhanda lejometri liphakeme, kulapho isando samanzi siba sikhulu khona lapho ipompo imiswa. Ngakho-ke, ikhanda lepompo elifanele kufanele likhethwe ngokwezimo zangempela zendawo. Ngemva kokumisa ipompo engozini, linda kuze kube yilapho ipayipi elingemuva kwevalvu yokuhlola ligcwele amanzi ngaphambi kokuqala ipompo. Ungalivuli ngokuphelele ivalvu yokuphuma yepompo lamanzi lapho uqala ipompo, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nomthelela omkhulu wamanzi. Iningi lezingozi ezinkulu zesando samanzi eziteshini eziningi zokupompa zenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezinjalo.

2. Setha idivayisi yokususa isando samanzi

(1) Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokulawula ingcindezi engaguquki:
Njengoba ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yamapayipi okuhambisa amanzi ishintsha njalo ngokushintsha kwezimo zokusebenza, ingcindezi ephansi noma ukucindezela ngokweqile kuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu, okuvame ukubangelwa yi-water hammer, okuholela ekulimaleni kwamapayipi nemishini. Uhlelo lokulawula oluzenzakalelayo luyasetshenziswa ukulawula ingcindezi yenethiwekhi yamapayipi. Ukutholwa, ukulawulwa kwempendulo kokuqala, ukuma kanye nokulungiswa kwesivinini sepompo yamanzi, ukulawula ukugeleza, bese kugcinwa ingcindezi ezingeni elithile. Ingcindezi yokunikezwa kwamanzi yepompo ingasethwa ngokulawula ikhompyutha encane ukuze kugcinwe ukunikezwa kwamanzi okucindezela njalo futhi kugwenywe ukushintshashintsha kwengcindezi ngokweqile. Ithuba le-hammer liyancishiswa.

(2) Faka isiqedi sesando samanzi

Lo mshini uvimbela kakhulu isando samanzi uma ipompo ivaliwe. Ngokuvamile ufakwa eduze kwepayipi lokukhipha amanzi lepompo yamanzi. Usebenzisa ingcindezi yepayipi uqobo njengamandla okwenza isenzo esizenzakalelayo esinomfutho ophansi, okungukuthi, lapho ingcindezi epayipini iphansi kunenani lokuvikela elibekiwe, ipayipi lizovuleka ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi likhiphe amanzi. Ukukhululeka kwengcindezi ukuze kulinganiswe ingcindezi yamapayipi endawo futhi kuvinjelwe umthelela wesando samanzi emishinini nasemapayipini. Ngokuvamile, ama-eliminator angahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezimbili: oomatshini kanye no-hydraulic. Setha kabusha.

3) Faka ivalvu yokuhlola evala kancane epayipini lokukhipha amanzi lephampu yamanzi enkulu

Ingasusa ngempumelelo isando samanzi lapho ipompo imisiwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi kunesilinganiso esithile sokugeleza kwamanzi lapho ivalvu isebenza, umthombo wokumunca kumele ube nepayipi lokugcwala. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamavalvu okuhlola okuvala kancane: uhlobo lwesando kanye nohlobo lokugcina amandla. Lolu hlobo lwevalvu lungalungisa isikhathi sokuvala sevalvu ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile ngokwezidingo. Ngokuvamile, u-70% kuya ku-80% wevalvu uvalwa ngaphakathi kwemizuzwana emi-3 kuya kwengu-7 ngemva kokwehluleka kwamandla, kanti isikhathi sokuvala u-20% kuya ku-30% osele silungiswa ngokwemibandela yephampu yamanzi kanye nephayiphi, ngokuvamile phakathi kwemizuzwana eyi-10 kuya kwengu-30. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ivalvu yokuhlola okuvala kancane isebenza kahle kakhulu uma kukhona i-hump ephayiphini yokuhlanganisa isando samanzi.

(4) Setha umbhoshongo wokuphakama ohamba ngendlela eyodwa

Yakhiwe eduze kwesiteshi sokupompa noma endaweni efanele yepayipi, futhi ukuphakama kombhoshongo wokukhuphuka wendlela eyodwa kuphansi kunomfutho wepayipi lapho. Lapho ingcindezi epayipini iphansi kunezinga lamanzi embhoshongweni, umbhoshongo wokukhuphuka uzohlinzeka ngamanzi epayipini ukuvimbela ikholomu yamanzi ukuthi ingaphuki futhi ugweme isando samanzi. Kodwa-ke, umphumela wayo wokunciphisa ukucindezeleka ekusandweni samanzi ngaphandle kwesando samanzi sokumisa ipompo, njengesando samanzi sokuvala ivalvu, ulinganiselwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwevalvu yendlela eyodwa esetshenziswa embhoshongweni wokukhuphuka wendlela eyodwa kumele kube okuthembekile ngokuphelele. Uma ivalvu ihluleka, ingabangela izingozi ezinkulu.

(5) Setha ipayipi elidlulayo (i-valve) esiteshini sokupompa

Uma uhlelo lwephampu lusebenza kahle, ivalvu yokuhlola ivaliwe ngoba ingcindezi yamanzi ohlangothini lwamanzi olucindezelwe lwephampu iphakeme kunengcindezi yamanzi ohlangothini lokumunca. Lapho ukwehluleka kwamandla kumisa iphampu ngokuzumayo, ingcindezi endaweni yokuphuma yesiteshi sokupompa yehla kakhulu, kuyilapho ingcindezi ohlangothini lokumunca ikhuphuka kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwalolu cindezelo oluhlukile, amanzi acindezelwe kakhulu esikhashana epayipini eliyinhloko lokumunca amanzi angamanzi acindezelwe kancane asunduza ipuleti levalvu yokuhlola bese egeleza aye epayipini eliyinhloko lamanzi okucindezela, futhi andise ingcindezi yamanzi aphansi lapho; ngakolunye uhlangothi, iphampu yamanzi Ukuphakamisa ihambu lamanzi ohlangothini lokumunca nakho kuyancishiswa. Ngale ndlela, ukukhuphuka nokwehla kwehambu lamanzi ezinhlangothini zombili zesiteshi sokupompa kulawulwa, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe futhi kuvinjwe ngempumelelo izingozi zehambu lamanzi.
(6) Setha ivalvu yokuhlola enezigaba eziningi

Kumbhobho wamanzi omude, engeza ivalvu yokuhlola eyodwa noma ngaphezulu, uhlukanise umbhobho wamanzi ube yizingxenye eziningana, bese usetha ivalvu yokuhlola engxenyeni ngayinye. Lapho amanzi epayipini lamanzi ebuyela emuva ngesikhathi senqubo yesando samanzi, amavalvu okuhlola ayavalwa ngokulandelana ukuze ahlukanise ukugeleza kwe-backflush kube yizingxenye eziningana. Njengoba ikhanda le-hydrostatic engxenyeni ngayinye yombhobho wamanzi (noma ingxenye yokugeleza kwe-backflush) lincane kakhulu, ukugeleza kwamanzi kuyancishiswa. I-Hammer Boost. Lesi silinganiso sokuvikela singasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ezimweni lapho umehluko wokuphakama kokuphakelwa kwamanzi wejometri mkhulu; kodwa asikwazi ukuqeda ithuba lokuhlukaniswa kwekholomu yamanzi. Inkinga yaso enkulu ukuthi: ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwephampu yamanzi kuyanda ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile, futhi izindleko zokuphakelwa kwamanzi ziyanda.

(7) Amadivayisi okukhipha umoya kanye nokuphakelwa komoya okuzenzakalelayo afakwa endaweni ephezulu yepayipi ukuze kuncishiswe umthelela wesando samanzi epayipini.