Ubuso bokuvala ivalvu buvame ukugqwala, ukuguguleka kanye nokuguguleka yi-medium, ngakho-ke yingxenye eyonakala kalula kuvalvu. Njengevalvu yebhola yomoya kanye nevalvu yebhabhathane kagesi kanye namanye amavalvu azenzakalelayo, ngenxa yokuvulwa nokuvalwa okuvamile nokusheshayo, ikhwalithi yawo kanye nokuphila kwenkonzo kuthinteka ngqo. Imfuneko eyisisekelo yobuso bokuvala ivalvu ukuthi ivalvu ingaqinisekisa ukuvalwa okuphephile nokuthembekile ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezichaziwe. Ngakho-ke, izinto ezikuyo kufanele zibe nezici ezilandelayo:
(1) Ukusebenza kahle kokuvala, okungukuthi, indawo yokuvala kufanele ikwazi ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-medium;
(2) Inamandla athile, indawo yokuvala kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nenani elithile lokucindezela kokuvala okwakhiwa umehluko wokucindezela okuphakathi;
(3) Ukumelana nokugqwala, ngaphansi kwesevisi yesikhathi eside yendlela egqwala kanye nokucindezeleka, indawo yokuvala kufanele ibe nokumelana okuqinile kokugqwala okuhambisana nezidingo zomklamo;
(4) Amandla okumelana nokuklwebheka, ukuvalwa kwevalvu konke kuyizimpawu ezishintshashintshayo, futhi kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuvalwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokuvula nokuvala;
(5) Ukumelana nokuguguleka, indawo yokuvala kufanele ikwazi ukumelana nokuguguleka kwemidiya esheshayo kanye nokushayisana kwezinhlayiya eziqinile;
(6) Ukuqina okuhle kokushisa, indawo yokuvala kufanele ibe namandla anele kanye nokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation ekushiseni okuphezulu, futhi kufanele ibe nokumelana okuhle nokuqhekeka okubandayo ekushiseni okuphansi;
(7) Ukusebenza kahle kokucubungula, kulula ukukukhiqiza nokunakekela, ivalvu isetshenziswa njengengxenye yenhloso ejwayelekile, futhi iqinisekisiwe ukuthi inenani elifanele.
Izimo zokusetshenziswa kanye nezimiso zokukhetha izinto zokuvala ama-valve. Izinto zokuvala ubuso zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: insimbi kanye nengeyona insimbi. Izimo ezisebenzayo zezinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi ezilandelayo:
(1) Irabha. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa isimo sokuvala amavalvu esango avaliwe kancane, amavalvu e-diaphragm, amavalvu ebhabhathane, amavalvu okuhlola namanye amavalvu.
(2) Ipulasitiki. Amapulasitiki asetshenziselwa indawo yokuvala yi-nylon kanye ne-PTFE, anezici zokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kanye ne-coefficient encane yokungqubuzana.
(3) I-Babbitt. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-bearing alloy, inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nekhono elihle lokungena. Ifanelekela ubuso bokuvala be-valve yokuvala i-ammonia enomfutho ophansi kanye nokushisa okungu--70-150℃.
(4) Ingxubevange yethusi. Inokumelana okuhle nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuthile. Ifanele ivalvu yomhlaba, ivalvu yesango lensimbi ephonswe kanye nevalvu yokuhlola, njll. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa amanzi kanye nomusi onengcindezi ephansi kanye nokushisa okungengaphezu kuka-200℃.
(5) Insimbi engagqwali ye-Chrome-nickel. Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokushisa. Ifanelekela izinto ezifana ne-vapor nitric acid.
(6) Insimbi engagqwali ye-Chrome. Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-valve anomfutho ophezulu kanye nokushisa okungengaphezu kuka-450 ℃ ku-oyela, umhwamuko wamanzi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo.
(7) Insimbi ephezulu ene-chromium. Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuqinisa umsebenzi, futhi ifanelekela ukucindezela okuphezulu, uwoyela okushisa okuphezulu, umusi kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo.
(8) Insimbi ene-nitride. Inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kumavalvu esango lesiteshi samandla okushisa. Le nto ingakhethwa futhi endaweni yamavalvu ebhola avaliwe ngokuqinile.
(9) I-Carbide. Inezakhiwo ezinhle eziphelele njengokumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokuklwebheka, futhi iphila isikhathi eside. Iyinto efanelekile yokuvala. Ama-electrode okumboza i-tungsten drill alloy kanye ne-drill base alloy surfacing asetshenziswa njalo, njll., angenza ukucindezela okuphezulu kakhulu, indawo yokuvala eshisa kakhulu, efanelekile uwoyela, uwoyela, igesi, i-hydrogen kanye nezinye izinto.
(10) Ingxube yokushisela efuthayo. Kukhona ama-alloy asekelwe ku-cobalt, ama-alloy asekelwe ku-nickel, kanye nama-alloy asekelwe esilevini, anokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwesivalo se-valve, izinto ezikhethiwe kumele zinqunywe ngokwezimo zokusebenza ezithile. Uma indawo esetshenziswayo igqwala kakhulu, lapho kukhethwa izinto, kufanele ihlangabezane nokusebenza okugqwala ekuqaleni, bese ihlangabezana nezidingo zezinye izakhiwo; Isivalo se-valve yesango kufanele sinake ukumelana okuhle kokuklwebheka; Ama-valve okuphepha, ama-valve e-throttle kanye ne-valve elawulayo kulula kakhulu ukuguguleka yi-medium, futhi izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukumelana nokugqwala okuhle kufanele zikhethwe; Ukuze kutholakale isakhiwo esifakwe ngaphakathi sendandatho yokubopha kanye nomzimba, izinto ezinobunzima obuphezulu kufanele zibhekwe njengendawo yokubopha; Ama-valve ajwayelekile anokushisa okuphansi kanye nengcindezi kufanele akhethe irabha nepulasitiki enokusebenza okuhle kokubopha njengokuvala; Lapho kukhethwa izinto zokubopha, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubunzima bobuso besihlalo se-valve kufanele bube ngaphezu kobuso bokuvala bediski ye-valve.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-02-2022