Amavalvu ovemvane asetshenziselwa ukuqala, ukumisa noma ukulawula ukuhamba koketshezi noma amagesi ngamapayipi. Zithola igama lazo kudiski elifana namaphiko elizungeza ngaphakathi komzimba wevalvu, elifana nokunyakaza kovemvane. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zamavalvu ovemvane, amavalvu ovemvane asebenza kahle (i-HPBV) namavalve ovemvane agxilile yimiklamo emibili evame kakhulu. Lesi siqhathaniso sizohlukanisa umehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili kusuka ezinhlangothini eziningi ukuze kucaciswe izindima zabo ezicelweni zezimboni nezikamasipala.
| Isici | I-Concentric Butterfly Valve | Ivaluvu Yevemvane Esebenza Kakhulu |
| Idizayini | Isiqu esimaphakathi nediski | Isiqu se-offset esinesihlalo sensimbi |
| I-Seal Mechanism | Isihlalo esithambile se-elastomeric | Isihlalo se-RPTF |
| Isilinganiso Sokucindezela | Kufika ku-250 PSI | Kufika ku-600 PSI |
| Isilinganiso Sezinga lokushisa | Kufika ku-180°C (356°F) | Kufika ku-260°C (536°F) |
| Gqoka & Izinyembezi | Kuphakeme ngenxa yokuxhumana kwesihlalo | Iphansi ngenxa yedizayini ye-offset |
| Ukufaneleka Kohlelo | Uketshezi olunomfutho ophansi | Umfutho omaphakathi, uketshezi olushisa kakhulu |
| Izindleko | Phansi | Phezulu |
1. Ukuklama Nokwakha
Umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwamavalvu ovemvane agxilile kanye namavalvu ovemvane asebenza kahle usekuklameni kwawo kwesakhiwo, ikakhulukazi indawo yesiqu se-valve kanye nediski ye-valve ehlobene nomzimba wevalvu nezinto ezisetshenziswayo.
1.1 Amavavu Ovemvane Aphakathi
Idizayini egxilile yaziwa ngokuthi "i-zero offset" noma "isihlalo esiqinile", eqondanisa isiqu se-valve kanye nediski ye-valve ngqo maphakathi nomzimba we-valve kanye nebhobho yepayipi. Lokhu kuqondanisa kwamaphakathi akunakho ukuchezuka.
1.1.1 Ukuhamba Kwediski
I-disc izungeza ngo-90° izungeze i-axis yesiqu se-valve, futhi isuke isuke ekuvulekeni ngokugcwele (ehambisana nepayipi) iye kuvaleke ngokuphelele (i-perpendicular to pipe) kulo lonke uhla lwayo lokunyakaza.
1.1.2 Indlela Yokuvala
Isigxivizo sitholwa ngokulingana kokuphazamiseka phakathi konqenqema lwediski ye-valve kanye nesihlalo sevalvu esiqinile njengerabha (njenge-EPDM, i-acrylic noma i-fluororubber) ehlanganisa ingaphakathi lomzimba we-valve.
1.1.3 Izimpahla
Umzimba we-valve uvamise ukwakhiwa ngezinto ezinamandla kakhulu nezimelana nokugqwala njengensimbi ecijile, i-ductile iron noma insimbi engagqwali ukuze kusetshenziswe izinto ezidinga kakhulu, ngoba isihlalo se-valve yenjoloba sivimbela ukuthintana koketshezi nomzimba we-valve.
I-disc ingaba insimbi engagqwali, i-aluminium bronze, i-ductile iron eboshiwe, noma ilayishwe ngokugcwele ngensimbi, kuye ngokugqwala koketshezi.
1.2 Amavavu Ovemvane Asebenza Kakhulu
Ngokuvamile idizayini ene-double offset enama-offsets angukhiye amabili:
Isiqu sitholakala ngemuva kwediski kunokuba sidlule maphakathi nediski, futhi
I-disc kanye ne-stem assembly isusiwe emgqeni ophakathi wepayipi lepayipi.
Ezinye izinguqulo ezithuthukisiwe zifaka phakathi ama-offsets amathathu, kodwa i-double offset ijwayelekile kumamodeli asebenza kahle kakhulu.
1.2.1 Ukuhamba Kwediski
Ngenxa ye-offset, i-disc ijikeleza esenzweni esifana ne-cam, inciphisa ukuthintana nesihlalo.
1.2.2 Indlela Yokuvala
Isihlalo senziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside, njenge-Teflon eqinisiwe, ukuze imelane nezingcindezi eziphezulu namazinga okushisa. Ngokungafani nesihlalo senjoloba ku-valve egxilile, uphawu luqinile futhi aluncikile ekuwohlokeni.
1.2.3 Izimpahla
Umzimba nediski zenziwe ngezinsimbi eziqinile, njengensimbi engagqwali, i-carbon steel, noma ama-alloys, ukuze zimelane nezimo ezinzima.
1.3 Isifinyezo: Imithelela Yokuklama
Ubulula be-valve ye-concentric buyenza ibe lula futhi ihlangane, iyenze ilungele ukufakwa okuqondile. Nokho, ukuthembela kwayo esihlalweni senjoloba esigogekayo kunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwayo.
Idizayini ye-offset kanye nezinto eziqinile zama-valve asebenza kahle kakhulu zithuthukisa ukuqina nokuvumelana nezimo, kodwa ngezindleko zokwanda kobunzima nesisindo.
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2. Amakhono Okusebenza
Ukusebenza kuyisici esishintshashintsha kakhulu kulawa mavalvu futhi yilokho abasebenzisi abakwazisa kakhulu nabakukhathalela kakhulu. Ngokuqondile, ihlaziywa ngokwengcindezi, izinga lokushisa, umphumela wokuvala kanye nempilo yesevisi.
2.1 Amavaluvu Ovemvane Aphakathi
2.1.1 Izilinganiso Zokucindezela
Amavalvu ovemvane agxilile ngokuvamile angakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi ezifika ku-PN16, kodwa lokhu kuyahlukahluka kuye ngosayizi nezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu kucindezela, isihlalo senjoloba singase siwohloke noma sehluleke.
2.1.2 Izilinganiso Zezinga Lokushisa
Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lingu-356°F (180°C), elikhawulelwe imikhawulo eshisayo yesihlalo senjoloba noma se-PTFE. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu azokwehlisa ukusebenza kwe-elastomer futhi aphazamise ukuvala.
2.1.3 Ukusebenza kokuvala
Inganikeza ukuvala okuthembekile ezinhlelweni eziphansi zokucindezela, kodwa ukungqubuzana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwe-valve disc kanye nesihlalo se-valve kuzodala ukugqoka, okuzonciphisa ukusebenza kahle.
2.1.4 Ukubhuqa
Njengoba ama-valve e-butterfly afaneleka kakhulu ukuvulwa nokuvala okugcwele, uma esetshenziselwa ukulawulwa kokugeleza, i-throttling yesikhathi eside izosheshisa ukugqoka kwesihlalo se-valve, okwenza kube okunembile futhi okuqinile.
2.1.5 Ukuqina
Ukuba nokunwebeka, izihlalo zensimbi noma eziqinisiwe zihlala isikhathi eside kunerabha. Idizayini ye-offset iqhubeka inweba impilo yesevisi ngokukhawulela ukungqubuzana.
2.2 Ivalve uvemvane esebenza kahle kakhulu
2.2.1 Isilinganiso somfutho
Ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esimangelengele kanye nomklamo we-offset onciphisa ukucindezeleka esihlalweni se-valve, ingakwazi ukumelana nezingcindezi ezifika ku-PN16.
2.2.2 Izinga lokushisa
Njengoba isihlalo sevalvu sisebenzisa i-RPTFE, singasebenza ngempumelelo emazingeni okushisa afika ku-536°F (280°C).
2.2.3 Ukusebenza kokuvala
Ngenxa yokulingana okunembayo kwediski ye-valve ye-offset kanye nesihlalo se-valve esiqinile, ukuvuza kucishe kube uziro futhi kuvame ukusondele ekuvaleni kungangeni moya. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezibucayi.
2.2.4 Ukubhuqa
Ukwakhiwa kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswa kuma-butterfly valves asebenza kahle zibenza bakwazi ukulawula ngokunembile ukugeleza ngisho nasezingcindezini eziphezulu. Ukuthintwa kwesihlalo okwehlisiwe kunciphisa ukuguga futhi kugcina ubuqotho bophawu emijikelezweni eminingi.
2.2.5 Ukuqina
Ukuba nokuqina, izihlalo zensimbi noma eziqinisiwe zihlala isikhathi eside kunerabha. Idizayini ye-offset iqhubeka inweba impilo yesevisi ngokukhawulela ukungqubuzana.
2.3 Isifinyezo: Amaphuzu Avelele Okusebenza
Ama-valve e-Concentric afaneleka ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi, izimo ezinzile, kodwa ahluleka ekucindezelweni okuphakathi nokuphezulu.
Ama-valve asebenza kahle kakhulu anikeza ukwethembeka okuphakeme nempilo yesevisi ngezindleko eziphakeme zokuqala.
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3. Izicelo
Ukukhethwa phakathi kwama-valve butterfly aphakathi nendawo kanye nama-butterfly valves asebenza kahle kuncike ezidingweni ezithile zesistimu afakwe kuyo.
3.1 Amavaluvu Ovemvane Amaphakathi
Kuzinhlelo zengcindezi/izinga lokushisa eliphansi ukuya kwamaphakathi lapho izindleko nobulula zibalulekile.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile:
- Amanzi kanye Namanzi Angcolile: Amapayipi amanzi kamasipala, ukuchelela kanye nezinhlelo zokukhuculula indle ziyazuza emnothweni wazo kanye nokuhlukaniswa noketshezi.
- Ukudla Nemithi: Izihlalo zenjoloba zivimbela uketshezi oluzwelayo ukuthi lungangcoliswa wumzimba wamavalvu.
- Ukuhlinzekwa Kwegesi: Ilayini yegesi enengcindezi ephansi iyisebenzisela ukuyivula/ukuvala.
- Ukuvikelwa Komlilo: Amasistimu wokufafaza asebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukusebenza kwawo okusheshayo nokwethembeka ezingcindezini ezimaphakathi.
- Isitimu Esinomfutho Ophansi: Ukuze uthole isitimu esingafika ku-250 PSI no-350°F.
3.2 Amavavu Ovemvane Asebenza Kakhulu
Ngokucindezela okumaphakathi okuphansi noma amasistimu abucayi adinga ukunemba nokuqina.
Ukusetshenziswa Okuvamile:
- Uwoyela Negesi: Iphatha amakhemikhali anokhahlo, amakhemikhali kaphethiloli, nezimo zasogwini ezinengcindezi ephezulu kanye noketshezi olubolayo.
- Ukukhiqiza Amandla: Ilawula isitimu esinomfutho ophezulu kanye namanzi okupholisa kuma-turbines nama-boilers.
- Ukucubungula Amakhemikhali: Imelana noketshezi olubolayo futhi igcina ukuvala kuvaliwe ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo.
- I-HVAC: Kumasistimu amakhulu adinga ukulawula ukugeleza okunembayo.
- Ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi: Imelana nezimo zasolwandle kanye nokuphathwa koketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu.
3.3 Ukusebenzisana kanye Nomehluko
Nakuba womabili ama-valve elawula ukugeleza, ama-valve agxilile abusa ezindaweni ezingazweli izindleko, ezingafuneki kangako, kuyilapho ama-valve asebenza kahle kakhulu encanyelwa ezinqubweni zezimboni lapho ukwehluleka kungaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
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4. Ukucatshangelwa kokuSebenza
Ngokungeziwe ekwakhiweni nasekusetshenzisweni, izici ezingokoqobo ezifana nokufakwa, ukulungiswa, nokuhlanganiswa kokulingana kwesistimu nakho kunendima.
4.1 Ukufakwa
- I-Concentric: Ukufakwa okulula ngenxa yesisindo esilula nokuhambisana okulula kwe-flange.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu: Ukuqondanisa okunembile kuyadingeka ngenxa yedizayini ye-offset, futhi isisindo sayo sidinga ukwesekwa okunamandla.
4.2 Isondlo
- I-Concentric: Ukunakekela kugxile ekushintsheni isihlalo senjoloba, okuyindlela yokulungisa eshesha kakhulu futhi engabizi. Kodwa-ke, ukugqoka njalo kungase kwandise isikhathi sokuphumula ezinhlelweni zomjikelezo ophezulu.
- Ukusebenza okuphezulu: Ukunakekela akuvamile ngenxa yesihlalo esihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ukulungisa (isb, ukushintsha isihlalo) kubiza kakhulu futhi kubuchwepheshe, ngokuvamile kudinga izisebenzi zokunakekela ezichwepheshile ezinamathuluzi akhethekile.
4.3 Ukwehla Kwengcindezi
- I-Concentric: Amadiski amaphakathi adala isiphithiphithi esiningi uma evuleke kancane, ehlisa ukusebenza kahle ezinhlelweni ezicindezelayo.
- Ukusebenza Okuphezulu: Amadiski e-Offset athuthukisa izici zokugeleza, ukunciphisa i-cavitation nokwehla kwengcindezi, ikakhulukazi ngesivinini esikhulu.
4.4 Ukwenza
Womabili ama-valve angasetshenziswa nama-actuator enziwa ngesandla, ewomoya, noma kagesi, kodwa amavalvu asebenza kahle kakhulu avame ukubhangqwa nezilawuli ezithuthukisiwe zokuzenzakalela okunembile ezilungiselelweni zezimboni.
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5. Ukuhlaziywa Komjikelezo Wezindleko Nokuphila
5.1 Izindleko Zokuqala
Ama-valve agxilile ashibhile kakhulu ngoba kulula ukuwenza futhi asebenzise impahla encane. Lokhu akunjalo ngamavalve evemvane asebenza kahle kakhulu.
5.2 Izindleko Zomjikelezo Wempilo
Ama-valve asebenza kahle kakhulu awonga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngoba awavamile ukunakekelwa futhi ashintshwe. Ezinhlelweni ezibucayi, ukwethembeka kwabo kunganciphisa nezindleko zesikhathi sokuphumula.
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6. Isiphetho: Isifinyezo Sezinzuzo kanye Nobubi
6.1 I-Butterfly Valve Ephakathi
6.1.1 Izinzuzo:
- Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko: Izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza nezinto ezibonakalayo zikunikeza inzuzo yesabelomali.
- Idizayini elula: Kulula ukufaka, ukusebenza, nokunakekela, nezingxenye ezihambayo ezimbalwa.
- I-Fluid Isolation: Izihlalo zenjoloba zivikela umzimba we-valve, zivumela ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezishibhile nokugcina ubumsulwa boketshezi.
- I-Lightweight: Ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho isisindo siyinkinga.
6.1.2 Okubi:
- Ibanga elilinganiselwe: Imikhawulo ephezulu ingu-250 PSI no-356°F, ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezimweni ezinzima.
- Ingagqokwa kalula: Ukungqubuzana kwezihlalo njalo kungaholela ekusebenzeni okonakele, okudinga ukulungiswa kaningi.
- Ukusebenza kabi kwe-high-pressure throttling: Ilahlekelwa ukunemba nokuvala ngaphansi kwengcindezi.
6.2 Amavavu Ovemvane Asebenza Kakhulu
6.2.1 Izinzuzo:
- Ikhono Eliphezulu: Ingakwazi ukubhekana nezingcindezi eziphakathi nendawo ukuya phezulu (kufika ku-600 PSI) namazinga okushisa (afika ku-536°F).
- Impilo Emide Yesevisi: Ukuncipha kokuguga kwezihlalo nezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside zandisa impilo yesevisi.
- Ukunemba: I-throttling enhle kakhulu nokuvala ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima.
- I-Versatility: Ifanele inhlobonhlobo yoketshezi kanye nezindawo.
6.2.2 Okubi:
- Izindleko Eziphakeme: Izinto ezibizayo kanye nomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kwandisa utshalomali lwangaphambili.
- Inkimbinkimbi: Ukufakwa nokulungiswa kudinga ubuchwepheshe obengeziwe.
- Isisindo: Ukwakhiwa okusindayo kungase kube nzima ukulungisa kabusha ezinye izinhlelo.
Amavalvu ovemvane agxilile kanye namavalvu ovemvane asebenza kahle asebenza ngokugqagqene kodwa izindawo ezihlukene ekulawuleni uketshezi. Idizayini yesihlalo senjoloba eyiziro-offset yevalvu egxilile yenza kube ukukhetha okusebenzisekayo nokuthengekayo kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezimaphakathi ezifana nokuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukucubungula ukudla noma ukuvikela umlilo. Uma ukusebenza nokuqina kungaxoxiswana, khona-ke i-valve butterfly esebenza kahle iyimpendulo. Ezitshalweni ezigqitshiwe (njengamapayipi angaphansi komhlaba), zombili izindlela zingasetshenziswa, kodwa isisindo esilula kanye nezindleko eziphansi zevalvu egxilile kuvame ukuba khona ngaphandle kwalapho izimo ezinzima zidinga okuhlukile.