Isingeniso: Kungani amazinga e-API ebaluleke kangaka kumavalvu ezimboni?
Ezimbonini eziyingozi kakhulu ezifana nowoyela negesi, amakhemikhali namandla, ukuphepha nokuthembeka kwama-valve kungathinta ngokuqondile ukuzinza kwezinhlelo zokukhiqiza. Amazinga abekwe yi-API (American Petroleum Institute) yibhayibheli lobuchwepheshe lamavalvu ezimboni emhlabeni jikelele. Phakathi kwazo, i-API 607 ne-API 608 yizici ezibalulekile ezivame ukucashunwa onjiniyela nabathengi.
Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya ngokujulile umehluko, izimo zohlelo lokusebenza kanye namaphuzu okuhambisana kwalawa mazinga amabili.
Isahluko 1: Ukuhunyushwa okujulile kwe-API 607 ejwayelekile
1.1 Incazelo ejwayelekile kanye nenhloso ewumongo
I-API 607 "Ukucaciswa kokuhlolwa komlilo kwama-valve angu-1/4 okujika kanye nama-valve esihlalo se-valve engeyona eyensimbi" kugxile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kokuvala kwama-valve ngaphansi kwezimo zomlilo. Uhlelo lwakamuva lwesi-7 lunyusa izinga lokushisa lokuhlola lisuka ku-1400°F (760°C) liye ku-1500°F (816°C) ukuze lilingise izimo zomlilo ezinzima kakhulu.
1.2 Incazelo enemininingwane yamapharamitha abalulekile wokuhlola
- Ubude besikhathi somlilo: imizuzu engama-30 yokusha okuqhubekayo + imizuzu eyi-15 yesikhathi sokupholisa
- Izinga lesilinganiso sokuvuza: Ukuvuza okuphezulu okuvumelekile akudluli Isilinganiso se-ISO 5208 A
- Indawo yokuhlola: Ukuhlolwa kwenhlanganisela yegesi evuthayo (i-methane/igesi yemvelo) namanzi
- Isimo sokucindezela: Ukuhlolwa okunamandla okungama-80% wengcindezi elinganiselwe
Isahluko 2: Ukuhlaziywa kobuchwepheshe kwezinga le-API 608
2.1 Ukuma okujwayelekile kanye nobubanzi bokusebenza
I-API 608 "Ama-valve ebhola ensimbi aneziphetho ze-flange, iziphetho zentambo neziphetho zokushisela" imisa izidingo zobuchwepheshe zenqubo yonke kusukela ekuklanyweni kuya ekukhiqizeni ama-valve ebhola, ehlanganisa ububanzi besayizi we-DN8~DN600 (NPS 1/4~24), kanye nezinga lokucindezela i-ASME CL150 kufika ku-2500LB.
2.2 Izidingo zedizayini eziwumgogodla
- Isakhiwo somzimba we-valve: ukucaciswa kwenqubo yokukhipha ingxenye eyodwa/ukuhlukana
- Uhlelo lokubeka uphawu: izidingo eziphoqelekile zomsebenzi we-block kanye ne-bleed (DBB).
- I-torque esebenzayo: amandla aphezulu okusebenza aweqi ku-360N · m
2.3 Izinto zokuhlola ezibalulekile
- Ukuhlolwa kwamandla weShell: Izikhathi ezi-1.5 zikalwe ingcindezi imizuzu emi-3
- Ukuhlolwa kokubeka uphawu: Izikhathi eziyi-1.1 zikalwe ingcindezi yokuqondiswa kabili
- Impilo yomjikelezo: okungenani ukuvulwa okugcwele nokuvala ukuqinisekiswa kokusebenza okungu-3,000
Isahluko 3: Imehluko emihlanu eyinhloko phakathi kwe-API 607 ne-API 608
| Izilinganiso zokuqhathanisa | I-API 607 | I-API 608 |
| Ukuma okujwayelekile | Isitifiketi sokusebenza komlilo | Ukwakhiwa komkhiqizo kanye nezici zokukhiqiza |
| Isiteji esisebenzayo | Isigaba sesitifiketi somkhiqizo | Yonke inqubo yokuklama neyokukhiqiza |
| Indlela yokuhlola | Ukulingiswa komlilo okubhubhisayo | Ingcindezi evamile/ukuhlolwa okusebenzayo |
Isahluko 4: Isinqumo sokukhetha ubunjiniyela
4.1 Inhlanganisela eyisibopho yezindawo ezinobungozi obukhulu
Kumapulatifomu angaphesheya kwezilwandle, amatheminali e-LNG nezinye izindawo, kuyanconywa ukuthi ukhethe:
I-API 608 ball valve + API 607 isitifiketi sokuvikela umlilo + isitifiketi sezinga lokuphepha le-SIL
4.2 Isixazululo sokuthuthukisa izindleko
Ngezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile, ungakhetha:
I-valve ejwayelekile ye-API 608 + isivikelo somlilo sasendaweni (njengokumbozwa komlilo)
4.3 Isexwayiso sokungaqondi kahle ukukhetha okujwayelekile
- Bakholelwa ngephutha ukuthi i-API 608 ihlanganisa izidingo zokuvikela umlilo
- Ukulinganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-API 607 nokuhlolwa okujwayelekile kokubeka uphawu
- Ukuziba ukuhlolwa kwefekthri kwezitifiketi (izidingo zesistimu ye-API Q1)
Isahluko 5: Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa (FAQ)
I-Q1: Ingabe i-valve ye-API 608 ihlangabezana ngokuzenzakalelayo nezidingo ze-API 607?
A: Akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. Yize amavalvu ebhola e-API 608 engafaka isicelo sokuthola isitifiketi se-API 607, adinga ukuhlolwa ngokwehlukana.
Q2: Ingabe i-valve ingaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhlolwa komlilo?
A: Akunconywa. Amavalvu ngemva kokuhlolwa ngokuvamile anomonakalo wesakhiwo futhi kufanele achithwe.
I-Q3: Izindinganiso ezimbili zithinta kanjani intengo yama-valve?
A: Isitifiketi se-API 607 sikhuphula izindleko ngo-30-50%, futhi ukuthobela i-API 608 kuthinta cishe u-15-20%.
Isiphetho:
• I-API 607 ibalulekile ekuhloleni umlilo wamavalvu ovemvane anesihlalo esithambile namavalvu ebhola.
• I-API 608 iqinisekisa ubuqotho besakhiwo nokusebenza kwesihlalo sensimbi namavalvu esihlalo esithambile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zezimboni.
• Uma ukuphepha komlilo kuwukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko, amavalvu athobelana nezindinganiso ze-API 607 ayadingeka.
• Ngenhloso evamile kanye nezicelo zevalvu yebhola enomfutho ophezulu, i-API 608 iyindinganiso efanele.